POE::Component::Client::Keepalive - manage connections, with keep-alive
use warnings;
use strict;
use POE;
use POE::Component::Client::Keepalive;
POE::Session->create(
inline_states => {
_start => \&start,
got_conn => \&got_conn,
got_error => \&handle_error,
got_input => \&handle_input,
}
);
POE::Kernel->run();
exit;
sub start {
$_[HEAP]->{ka} = POE::Component::Client::Keepalive->new();
$_[HEAP]->{ka}->allocate(
scheme => "http",
addr => "127.0.0.1",
port => 9999,
event => "got_conn",
context => "arbitrary data (even a reference) here",
timeout => 60,
);
print "Connection is in progress.\n";
}
sub got_conn {
my ($kernel, $heap, $response) = @_[KERNEL, HEAP, ARG0];
my $conn = $response->{connection};
my $context = $response->{context};
if (defined $conn) {
if ($response->{from_cache}) {
print "Connection was established immediately.\n";
}
else {
print "Connection was established asynchronously.\n";
}
$conn->start(
InputEvent => "got_input",
ErrorEvent => "got_error",
);
return;
}
print(
"Connection could not be established: ",
"$response->{function} error $response->{error_num}: ",
"$response->{error_str}\n"
);
}
sub handle_input {
my $input = $_[ARG0];
print "$input\n";
}
sub handle_error {
my $heap = $_[HEAP];
delete $heap->{connection};
$heap->{ka}->shutdown();
}
POE::Component::Client::Keepalive creates and manages connections for other components. It maintains a cache of kept-alive connections for quick reuse. It is written specifically for clients that can benefit from kept-alive connections, such as HTTP clients. Using it for one-shot connections would probably be silly.
Creates a new keepalive connection manager. A program may contain several connection managers. Each will operate independently of the others. None will know about the limits set in the others, so it's possible to overrun your file descriptors for a process if you're not careful.
new() takes up to five parameters. All of them are optional.
To limit the number of simultaneous connections to a particular host (defined by a combination of scheme, address and port):
max_per_host => $max_simultaneous_host_connections, # defaults to 4
To limit the overall number of connections that may be open at once, use
max_open => $maximum_open_connections, # defaults to 128
Programs are required to give connections back to the manager when they are done. See the free() method for how that works. The connection manager will keep connections alive for a period of time before recycling them. The maximum keep-alive time may be set with
keep_alive => $seconds_to_keep_free_conns_alive, # defaults to 15
Programs may not want to wait a long time for a connection to be established. They can set the request timeout to alter how long the component holds a request before generating an error.
timeout => $seconds_to_process_a_request, # defaults to 120
Specify a bind_address to bind all client sockets to a particular local address. The value of bind_address will be passed directly to POE::Wheel::SocketFactory. See that module's documentation for implementation details.
Allocate a new connection. Allocate() will return immediately. The allocated connection, however, will be posted back to the requesting session. This happens even if the connection was found in the component's keep-alive cache.
Allocate() requires five parameters and has an optional sixth.
Specify the scheme that will be used to communicate on the connection (typically http or https). The scheme is required, but you're free to make something up here. It's used internally to differentiate different types of socket (e.g., ssl vs. cleartext) on the same address and port.
scheme => $connection_scheme,
Request a connection to a particular address and port. The address and port must be numeric. Both the address and port are required.
address => $remote_address, port => $remote_port,
Specify an name of the event to post when an asynchronous response is ready. This is of course required.
event => $return_event,
Set the connection timeout, in seconds. The connection manager will post back an error message if it can't establish a connection within the requested time. This parameter is optional. It will default to the master timeout provided to the connection manager's constructor.
timeout => $connect_timeout,
Specify additional contextual data. The context defines the connection's purpose. It is used to maintain continuity between a call to allocate() and an asynchronous response. A context is extremely handy, but it's optional.
context => $context_data,
In summary:
$mgr->allocate(
scheme => "http",
address => "127.0.0.1",
port => 80,
event => "got_a_connection",
context => \%connection_context,
);
The response event ("got_a_connection" in this example) contains several fields, passed as a list of key/value pairs. The list may be assigned to a hash for convenience:
sub got_a_connection {
my %response = @_[ARG0..$#_];
...;
}
Four of the fields exist to echo back your data:
$response{address} = $your_request_address;
$response{context} = $your_request_context;
$response{port} = $your_request_port;
$response{scheme} = $your_request_scheme;
One field returns the connection object if the connection was successful, or undef if there was a failure:
$response{connection} = $new_socket_handle;
On success, another field tells you whether the connection contains all new materials. That is, whether the connection has been recycled from the component's cache or created anew.
$response{from_cache} = $status;
The from_cache status may be "immediate" if the connection was immediately available from the cache. It will be "deferred" if the connection was reused, but another user had to release it first. Finally, from_cache will be false if the connection had to be created to satisfy allocate().
Three other fields return error information if the connection failed. They are not present if the connection was successful.
$response{function} = $name_of_failing_function;
$response{error_num} = $! as a number;
$response{error_str} = $! as a string;
Free() notifies the connection manager when connections are free to be reused. Freed connections are entered into the keep-alive pool and may be returned by subsequent allocate() calls.
$mgr->free($socket);
For now free() is called with a socket, not a connection object. This is usually not a problem since POE::Component::Connection::Keepalive objects call free() for you when they are destroyed.
Not calling free() will cause a program to leak connections. This is also not generally a problem, since free() is called automatically whenever connection objects are destroyed.
The keep-alive pool requires connections to be active internally. This may keep a program active even when all connections are idle. The shutdown() method forces the connection manager to clear its keep-alive pool, allowing a program to terminate gracefully.
$mgr->shutdown();
POE POE::Component::Connection::Keepalive
http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=POE-Component-Client-Keepalive tracks the known issues with this component. You can add to them by sending mail to bug-poe-component-client-keepalive@rt.cpan.org.
This distribution is copyright 2004-2006 by Rocco Caputo. All rights are reserved. This distribution is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Rocco Caputo <rcaputo@cpan.org>
Rob Bloodgood helped out a lot. Thank you.
Joel Bernstein solved some nasty race conditions. Portugal Telecom http://www.sapo.pt/ was kind enough to support his contributions.