NAME

Overview
Tutorials
Reference Manual
Internals and C Language Interface
Miscellaneous
Language-Specific
Platform-Specific

perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

What is Perl?
Running Perl programs
Basic syntax overview
Perl variable types: Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
Variable scoping
Conditional and looping constructs: if, while, for, foreach
Builtin operators and functions: Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous
Files and I/O
Regular expressions: Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
Writing subroutines
OO Perl
Using Perl modules

perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 21:32:23 $)

About the perlfaq documents

perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
perlfaq3: Programming Tools
perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
perlfaq5: Files and Formats
perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
perlfaq8: System Interaction
perlfaq9: Networking

Where to get the perlfaq
How to contribute to the perlfaq
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors

Credits

Author and Copyright Information

Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer

Changes

1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

perlbook - Perl book information

DESCRIPTION

perlsyn - Perl syntax

Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)

perldata - Perl data types

Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles

perlop - Perl operators and precedence

Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl: unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators: ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs: Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, <<'EOF', m'', s''', tr///, y///, '', q//, "", ``, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/, s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers

perlsub - Perl subroutines

Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines: Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes

perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

Perl Functions by Category: Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

The Solution

Syntax

Making References
Using References

Distribution Conditions

perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES

COMMON MISTAKES

CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

DEBUGGING

CODE EXAMPLES

ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

HASHES OF ARRAYS

Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

ARRAYS OF HASHES

Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

HASHES OF HASHES

Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Database Ties

perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

The Guide

Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
More matching
Search and replace
The split operator

Acknowledgments

perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

Ordinary Paragraph
Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph: =head1 Heading Text, =head2 Heading Text, =head3 Heading Text, =head4 Heading Text, =over indentlevel, =item stuff..., =back, =cut, =pod, =begin formatname, =end formatname, =for formatname text...
Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text, B<text> -- bold text, C<code> -- code text, L<name> -- a hyperlink, E<escape> -- a character escape, F<filename> -- used for filenames, S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, X<topic name> -- an index entry, Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Hints for Writing Pod

perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes

DESCRIPTION
Pod Definitions
Pod Commands: "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
Pod Formatting Codes: I<text> -- italic text, B<text> -- bold text, C<code> -- code text, F<filename> -- style for filenames, X<topic name> -- an index entry, Z<> -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, L<name> -- a hyperlink, E<escape> -- a character escape, S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces
Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
About L<...> Codes: First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
About =over...=back Regions
About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps: Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps: Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps: Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
General data type traps: (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts: (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps: Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.: Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps: (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
OS Traps: (SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps: Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
DBM Traps: DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps: require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with LIMIT specified

perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

#! and quoting on non-Unix systems: OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches: -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -t, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory

HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION

perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
What's wrong with -w and $^W
Controlling Warnings from the Command Line: -w, -W, -X
Backward Compatibility
Category Hierarchy
Fatal Warnings
Reporting Warnings from a Module

TODO

perldebug - Perl debugging

Debugging regular expressions

The Perl Debugger

Debugger Commands: h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
Configurable Options: recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit, PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, windowSize, arrayDepth, hashDepth, dumpDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, DumpReused, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop
Debugger input/output: Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler

Debugging memory usage

perlvar - Perl predefined variables

Predefined Names: $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[0]), $& is the same as substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $' is the same as substr($var, $+[0]), $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), $2 is the same as substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), $3 is the same as substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices

perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

Open à la shell

Simple Opens
Pipe Opens
The Minus File
Mixing Reads and Writes
Filters

Open à la C

Permissions à la mode

Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups)
Dispelling the Dweomer
Paths as Opens
Single Argument Open
Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files
Binary Files
File Locking
IO Layers

AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

perlpacktut - tutorial on `pack` and `unpack`

Packing and Unpacking C Structures

The Basic Principle

Packing Text

Packing Numbers

Integers
Unpacking a Stack Frame
How to Eat an Egg on a Net
Floating point Numbers

Exotic Templates

Bit Strings
Uuencoding
Doing Sums
Unicode
Another Portable Binary Encoding

Lengths and Widths

String Lengths
Dynamic Templates

The Alignment Pit
Alignment, Take 2
Alignment, Take 3
Pointers for How to Use Them

Pack Recipes

Funnies Section

Authors

perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

Part 1: The basics

Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
Building a regexp
Using regular expressions in Perl

Part 2: Power tools

More on characters, strings, and character classes
Compiling and saving regular expressions
Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
Non-capturing groupings
Looking ahead and looking behind
Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
Conditional expressions
A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
Pragmas and debugging

Acknowledgments

perlre - Perl regular expressions

i, m, s, x

Regular Expressions: [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns: (?#text), (?imsx-imsx), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern), (?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?<=pattern), (?<!pattern), (?{ code }), (??{ code }), (?>pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern)
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on \1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together: ST, S|T, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?, S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?>S), (?=S), (?<=S), (?!S), (?<!S), (??{ EXPR }), (?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)
Creating custom RE engines

perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates

perlform - Perl formats

Format Variables

Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals

WARNINGS

perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary

perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

Alternate Object Representations

Creating a Class

Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods

Class Data

Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface

Aggregation

Inheritance

Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects

AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

Metaclassical Tools

Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables

Object Terminology

Acknowledgments

perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

Class Data as Package Variables

Class Data in a Can

Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes

Class Data as Lexical Variables

Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

perlobj - Perl objects

An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
Indirect Object Syntax
Default UNIVERSAL methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection

perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION

perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

Tying Scalars: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes: USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
UNTIE this
The untie Gotcha

perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

Sockets: Client/Server Communication

Signals

Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons

Named Pipes

Deferred Signals: Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state

Using open() for IPC

Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

TCP Clients with IO::Socket

A Simple Client: Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket

TCP Servers with IO::Socket

Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing

perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes: $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS: BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions

perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations: Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during use integer, Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during use integer, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Status

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline

Native threads

What kind of threads are Perl threads?

Thread-Safe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support
A Note about the Examples
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfalls: Races

Synchronization and control

Controlling access: lock()
A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores
Advanced Semaphores
cond_wait() and cond_signal()

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Performance considerations

Process-scope Changes

Thread-Safety of System Libraries

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References

Copyrights

perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline

Native threads

What kind of threads are perl threads?

Threadsafe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Errors In Threads
Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfall: Races
Controlling access: lock()
Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around

Threads And Code

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access: Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
Subroutine Locks
Methods
Locking A Subroutine

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References

Copyrights

perlport - Writing portable Perl

FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable

ISSUES

Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Command names versus file pathnames
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style

CPAN Testers

Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/

PLATFORMS

Unix
DOS and Derivatives
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions: -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS

CHANGES

v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

Supported Platforms

AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)

PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

USING LOCALES

The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function
I18N::Langinfo

LOCALE CATEGORIES

Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories

SECURITY

PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard

Unicode and UTF-8

Broken systems

perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

Unicode
Perl's Unicode Support
Perl's Unicode Model
Unicode and EBCDIC
Creating Unicode
Handling Unicode
Legacy Encodings
Unicode I/O
Displaying Unicode As Text
Special Cases
Advanced Topics
Miscellaneous
Questions With Answers
Hexadecimal Notation
Further Resources

AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

Important Caveats: Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, use utf8 still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
Byte and Character Semantics
Effects of Character Semantics
Scripts
Blocks
User-Defined Character Properties
Character Encodings for Input and Output
Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
Unicode Encodings
Security Implications of Unicode
Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
Locales
Using Unicode in XS

Interaction with Locales
Interaction with Extensions
Speed

perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

ASCII
ISO 8859
Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
EBCDIC
13 variant characters
POSIX-BC
Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
Unicode and UTF
Using Encode

SINGLE OCTET TABLES

recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

CONVERSIONS

tr///
iconv
C RTL

OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

FUNCTION DIFFERENCES

chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

SOCKETS

SORTING

Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
MONO CASE then sort data.
Convert, sort data, then re convert.
Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

URL decoding and encoding
uu encoding and decoding
Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
Caesarian ciphers

Hashing order and checksums

I18N AND L10N

MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

OS ISSUES

OS/400: IFS access
OS/390, z/OS: chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
VM/ESA?
POSIX-BC?

perlsec - Perl security

Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the "#!" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
Unicode

perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
Making your module threadsafe

perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

PREAMBLE: DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

Pragmatic Modules: attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
Standard Modules: AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
Extension Modules

CPAN

Africa: South Africa
Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Central America: Costa Rica
Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
North America: Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
United States: Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile
RSYNC Mirrors

Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

Guidelines for Module Creation
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

INTRODUCTION

QUICK CHECKLIST

Before you start
The API
Stability
Documentation
Release considerations

Has it been done before?
Do one thing and do it well
What's in a name?

DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

To OO or not to OO?
Designing your API: Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing
Strictness and warnings
Backwards compatibility
Error handling and messages

DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

POD
README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs

RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

Version numbering
Pre-requisites
Testing
Packaging
Licensing

COMMON PITFALLS

Reinventing the wheel
Trying to do too much
Inappropriate documentation

perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering

perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

Warning
What should I make into a module?
Step-by-step: Preparing the ground: Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
Step-by-step: Making the module: Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README
Step-by-step: Distributing your module: Get a CPAN user ID, perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)

What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?

perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)

What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books: References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 13:11:13 $)

How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?: Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?: Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
What's MakeMaker?

perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $)

Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

Data: Numbers

Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?
How do I convert between numeric representations?: How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
How do I get a random number between X and Y?

Data: Dates

How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?

Data: Strings

How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?: 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag

Data: Arrays

What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?: a), b), c), d), e)
How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?
How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
How can I use a reference as a hash key?

Data: Misc

How do I handle binary data correctly?
How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
How do I define methods for every class/object?
How do I verify a credit card checksum?
How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25 $)

How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
How do I count the number of lines in a file?
How do I make a temporary file name?
How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
How can I write() into a string?
How can I output my numbers with commas added?
How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
How can I reliably rename a file?
How can I lock a file?
Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?
All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking?
How do I randomly update a binary file?
How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
How do I print to more than one file at once?
How can I read in an entire file all at once?
How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
How do I do a tail -f in perl?
How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
How do I close a file descriptor by number?
Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
How do I select a random line from a file?
Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01 22:31:09 $)

How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code?: Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?
I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS?
How can I make \w match national character sets?
How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?
How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
What is /o really for?
How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?
Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
How do I process each word on each line?
How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
How can I do approximate matching?
How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?
Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
What good is \G in a regular expression?
Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)

Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them?
Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas?
How do I skip some return values?
How do I temporarily block warnings?
What's an extension?
Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
How do I declare/create a structure?
How do I create a module?
How do I create a class?
How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
What's a closure?
What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?: Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods
How do I create a static variable?
What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?
How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?
What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
How do I create a switch or case statement?
How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
How can I find out my current package?
How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
How do I clear a package?
How can I use a variable as a variable name?

perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16 12:41:42 $)

How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
How come exec() doesn't return?
How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?: Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
How do I print something out in color?
How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
How do I clear the screen?
How do I get the screen size?
How do I ask the user for a password?
How do I read and write the serial port?: lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
How do I decode encrypted password files?
How do I start a process in the background?: STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
How do I trap control characters/signals?
How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
How do I set the time and date?
How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
How can I measure time under a second?
How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
How can I call backticks without shell processing?
Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
How can I convert my shell script to perl?
Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
How can I write expect in Perl?
Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"?
I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?: Unix
How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?
How do I fork a daemon process?
How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
How do I timeout a slow event?
How do I set CPU limits?
How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
How do I use an SQL database?
How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
How do I open a file without blocking?
How do I install a module from CPAN?
What's the difference between require and use?
How do I keep my own module/library directory?
How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?
How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)

What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
How do I remove HTML from a string?
How do I extract URLs?
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
How do I fetch an HTML file?
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
How do I redirect to another page?
How do I put a password on my web pages?
How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
How do I parse a mail header?
How do I decode a CGI form?
How do I check a valid mail address?
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
How do I return the user's mail address?
How do I send mail?
How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
How do I read mail?
How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
How can I do RPC in Perl?

perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

Module List for the Compiler Suite

Layout: B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

Using The Back Ends

The Cross Referencing Back End: i, &, s, r
The Decompiling Back End
The Lint Back End
The Simple C Back End
The Bytecode Back End
The Optimized C Back End

B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

Embedding Perl under Win32

PREAMBLE: Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?
ROADMAP
Compiling your C program
Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
Maintaining a persistent interpreter
Execution of END blocks
Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program

MORAL

perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

Frame Listing Output Examples

Debugger Internals

Writing Your Own Debugger

Debugging regular expressions

Compile-time output: anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval, anchored(TYPE)
Types of nodes
Run-time output

Debugging Perl memory usage

Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}: buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail: 6144
Example of using -DL switch: 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704
-DL details: !!!, !!, !
Limitations of -DL statistics

perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

SPECIAL NOTES

make
Version caveat
Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

TUTORIAL

EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
What has gone on?
Writing good test scripts
EXAMPLE 3
What's new here?
Input and Output Parameters
The XSUBPP Program
The TYPEMAP file
Warning about Output Arguments
EXAMPLE 4
What has happened here?
Anatomy of .xs file
Getting the fat out of XSUBs
More about XSUB arguments
The Argument Stack
Extending your Extension
Documenting your Extension
Installing your Extension
EXAMPLE 5
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 6
New Things in this Example
EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
Troubleshooting these Examples

See also

Author

Last Changed

perlxs - XS language reference manual

Introduction
On The Road
The Anatomy of an XSUB
The Argument Stack
The RETVAL Variable
The MODULE Keyword
The PACKAGE Keyword
The PREFIX Keyword
The OUTPUT: Keyword
The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
The CODE: Keyword
The INIT: Keyword
The NO_INIT Keyword
Initializing Function Parameters
Default Parameter Values
The PREINIT: Keyword
The SCOPE: Keyword
The INPUT: Keyword
The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
The length(NAME) Keyword
Variable-length Parameter Lists
The C_ARGS: Keyword
The PPCODE: Keyword
Returning Undef And Empty Lists
The REQUIRE: Keyword
The CLEANUP: Keyword
The POSTCALL: Keyword
The BOOT: Keyword
The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
The ALIAS: Keyword
The OVERLOAD: Keyword
The INTERFACE: Keyword
The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
The INCLUDE: Keyword
The CASE: Keyword
The & Unary Operator
Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
Using XS With C++
Interface Strategy
Perl Objects And C Structures
The Typemap
Safely Storing Static Data in XS: MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT

XS VERSION

perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

Conventions: t, p, n, s
File Operations
File Input and Output
File Positioning
Memory Management and String Handling
Character Class Tests
stdlib.h functions
Miscellaneous functions

perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

Examining internal data structures with the dump functions

Variables

Datatypes
What is an "IV"?
Working with SVs
Offsets
What's Really Stored in an SV?
Working with AVs
Working with HVs
Hash API Extensions
References
Blessed References and Class Objects
Creating New Variables: GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
Reference Counts and Mortality
Stashes and Globs
Double-Typed SVs
Magic Variables
Assigning Magic
Magic Virtual Tables
Finding Magic
Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
Localizing changes: SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i), SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv), SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv), SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length), SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p), SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV* save_scalar(GV *gv), AV* save_ary(GV *gv), HV* save_hash(GV *gv), void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg), SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void save_hptr(HV **hptr)

Subroutines

XSUBs and the Argument Stack
Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
Memory Allocation
PerlIO
Putting a C value on Perl stack
Scratchpads
Scratchpads and recursion

Compiled code

Code tree
Examining the tree
Compile pass 1: check routines
Compile pass 1a: constant folding
Compile pass 2: context propagation
Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
Pluggable runops

How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
So what happened to dTHR?
How do I use all this in extensions?
Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

Internal Functions

A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x

Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
Source Documentation

Unicode Support

What is Unicode, anyway?
How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
How do I convert a string to UTF8?
Is there anything else I need to know?

Custom Operators

perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS

call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

FLAG VALUES

G_VOID
G_SCALAR
G_ARRAY
G_DISCARD
G_NOARGS
G_EVAL
G_KEEPERR
Determining the Context

No Parameters, Nothing returned
Passing Parameters
Returning a Scalar
Returning a list of values
Returning a list in a scalar context
Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
Using G_EVAL
Using G_KEEPERR
Using call_sv
Using call_argv
Using call_method
Using GIMME_V
Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
Strategies for storing Callback Context Information: 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback
Alternate Stack Manipulation
Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

DOCUMENTATION: perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall
CONVERTORS: a2p, s2p, find2perl
Administration: libnetcfg
Development: perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc
SEE ALSO

perlfilter - Source Filters

DESCRIPTION
CONCEPTS
USING FILTERS
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C: Decryption Filters
CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
CONCLUSION
REQUIREMENTS
AUTHOR
Copyrights

perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.

perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

DESCRIPTION
"Gimme" Values: GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
Array Manipulation Functions: AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
Callback Functions: call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
Character classes: isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
Cloning an interpreter: perl_clone
CV Manipulation Functions: CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
Embedding Functions: load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
Functions in file pp_pack.c: pack_cat, unpack_str
Global Variables: PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
GV Functions: GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
Handy Values: HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
Hash Manipulation Functions: get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
Magical Functions: mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
Memory Management: Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
Miscellaneous Functions: fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
Numeric functions: grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct
Optree Manipulation Functions: cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
Stack Manipulation Macros: dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
SV Flags: svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
SV Manipulation Functions: get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
Unicode Support: bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions: ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
Warning and Dieing: croak, warn
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions

DESCRIPTION
Global Variables: PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs
GV Functions: is_gv_magical
IO Functions: start_glob
Pad Data Structures: CvPADLIST
Stack Manipulation Macros: djSP, LVRET
SV Manipulation Functions: report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.

History and Background
Layers vs Disciplines
Data Structures
Functions and Attributes
Per-instance Data
Layers in action.
Per-instance flag bits: PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
Methods in Detail: fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
Core Layers: "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
Extension Layers: ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"

TODO

perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(), PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode), PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f), PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f), PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence), PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p), PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)

Co-existence with stdio: PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f)
"Fast gets" Functions: PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f), PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f), PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f), PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)
Other Functions: PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)

perltodo - Perl TO-DO List

To do during 5.6.x

Support for I/O disciplines
Autoload bytes.pm
Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
Overloadable regex assertions
Unicode
Work out exit/die semantics for threads
Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
Typed lexicals for compiler
Compiler workarounds for Win32
AUTOLOADing in the compiler
Fixing comppadlist when compiling
Cleaning up exported namespace
Complete signal handling
Out-of-source builds
POSIX realtime support
UNIX98 support
IPv6 Support
Long double conversion
Locales
Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
POSIX Unicode character classes
Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
Security audit shipped utilities
Sort out the uid-setting mess
Custom opcodes
DLL Versioning
Introduce @( and @)
Floating point handling
IV/UV preservation
Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
Automate module testing on CPAN
sendmsg and recvmsg
Rewrite perlre documentation
Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
Document Win32 choices
Check new modules
Make roffitall find pods and libs itself

To do at some point

Remove regular expression recursion
Memory leaks after failed eval
bitfields in pack
Cross compilation
Perl preprocessor / macros
Perl lexer in Perl
Using POSIX calls internally
-i rename file when changed
All ARGV input should act like <>
Support for rerunning debugger
Test Suite for the Debugger
my sub foo { }
One-pass global destruction
Rewrite regexp parser
Cache recently used regexps
Cross-compilation support
Bit-shifting bitvectors
debugger pragma
use less pragma
switch structures
Cache eval tree
rcatmaybe
Shrink opcode tables
Optimize away @_
Prototypes versus indirect objects
Install HTML
Prototype method calls
Return context prototype declarations
magic_setisa
Garbage collection
IO tutorial
Rewrite perldoc
Install .3p manpages
Unicode tutorial
Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
Retargetable installation
POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
Rename Win32 headers
Finish off lvalue functions
Update sprintf documentation
Use fchown/fchmod internally
Make v-strings overloaded objects
Allow restricted hash assignment
Should overload be inheritable?
Taint rethink

Vague ideas

ref() in list context
Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
Compile to real threaded code
Structured types
Modifiable $1 et al.
Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
RPC modules
Attach/detach debugger from running program
GUI::Native
foreach(reverse ...)
Constant function cache
Approximate regular expression matching

Ongoing

Update guts documentation
Add more tests
Update auxiliary tools
Create debugging macros
truncate to the people
Unicode in Filenames

Recently done things

Alternative RE syntax module
Safe signal handling
Tie Modules
gettimeofday
setitimer and getimiter
Testing __DIE__ hook
CPP equivalent in Perl
Explicit switch statements
autocroak
UTF/EBCDIC
UTF Regexes
perlcc to produce executable
END blocks saved in compiled output
Secure temporary file module
Integrate Time::HiRes
Turn Cwd into XS
Mmap for input
Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
Add sockatmark support
Mailing list archives
Bug tracking
Integrate MacPerl
Web "nerve center" for Perl
Regular expression tutorial
Debugging Tutorial
Integrate new modules
Integrate profiler
Y2K error detection
Regular expression debugger
POD checker
"Dynamic" lexicals
Cache precompiled modules

Deprecated Wishes

Loop control on do{}
Lexically scoped typeglobs
format BOTTOM
report HANDLE
Generalised want()/caller())
Named prototypes
Built-in globbing
Regression tests for suidperl
Cached hash values
Add compression modules
Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
Remove distinction between functions and operators
Make XS easier to use
Make embedding easier to use
man for perl
my $Package::variable
"or" tests defined, not truth
"class"-based lexicals
byteperl
Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
Make "use utf8" the default
Unicode collation and normalization
pack/unpack tutorial

perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals

EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL

Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words

Keeping in sync: rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches
Why rsync the source tree: It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
Why rsync the patches: It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
Perlbug remote interface: 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
Submitting patches: perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ
Finding Your Way Around: Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
Elements of the interpreter: Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
Internal Variable Types
Op Trees
Stacks: Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
Millions of Macros
Poking at Perl
Using a source-level debugger: run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print
Dumping Perl Data Structures
Patching
Patching a core module
Adding a new function to the core
Writing a test: t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
Special Make Test Targets: coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8

Rational Software's Purify
Purify on Unix: -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
Purify on NT: DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
Profiling
Gprof Profiling: -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
GCC gcov Profiling
Pixie Profiling: -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero]
Miscellaneous tricks
CONCLUSION: The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

perlhist - the Perl history records

THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

INTRODUCTION

PUMPKIN?

THE RECORDS

SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
SELECTED PATCH SIZES

THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0

Highlights In 5.8.0

Binary Incompatibility
64-bit platforms and malloc
AIX Dynaloading
Attributes for my variables now handled at run-time
Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
New Unicode Semantics (no more use utf8, almost)
New Unicode Properties
REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
pack/unpack D/F recycled
glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
Deprecations

Unicode Overhaul
PerlIO is Now The Default
ithreads
Restricted Hashes
Safe Signals
Understanding of Numbers
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
Miscellaneous Changes

New Modules and Pragmata
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Performance Enhancements

Generic Improvements
New Or Improved Platforms

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

Security Vulnerability Closed [561]

Changed Internals

New Tests

Platform Specific Problems

The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
PDL failing some tests
Perl_get_sv
Self-tying Problems
ext/threads/t/libc
Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
Timing problems
Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work

AIX
Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
AmigaOS
BeOS
Cygwin "unable to remap"
Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
DJGPP Failures
FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
Mac OS X
Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
OS/2 Test Failures
op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
Solaris 2.5
Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
UNICOS/mk
UTS
VOS (Stratus)
VMS
Win32
XML::Parser not working
z/OS (OS/390)
Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now

perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2

Security Vulnerability Closed

64-bit platforms and malloc
AIX Dynaloading
Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
Deprecations

New Modules and Distributions
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

New Or Improved Platforms
Generic Improvements

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

Source Code Enhancements

MAGIC constants
Better commented code
Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
gcc -Wall

New Tests

AIX
Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
OS/390
op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
Failure of Thread tests
UNICOS
UTS
VMS
Win32
Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
The Long Double Support is Still Experimental

perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1

Security Vulnerability Closed

AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
PerlIO is Now The Default
Signals Are Now Safe

Performance Enhancements

New Modules
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

perlclib
perliol
README.aix
README.bs2000
README.macos
README.mpeix
README.solaris
README.vos
Porting/repository.pod

New Or Improved Platforms
Generic Improvements: d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

Changed Internals

New Tests

AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
lib/b test 19
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
sigaction test 13 in VMS
sprintf tests 129 and 130
Failure of Thread tests
Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0

Security Vulnerability Closed

New Modules
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

Performance Enhancements

Generic Improvements

Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

Changed Internals

Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
Storable tests fail in some platforms
Threads Are Still Experimental
The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x

Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

Security Issues
Core bug fixes: UNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, no Module;, Tests
Core features
Configuration issues
Documentation
Bundled modules: B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
Platform-specific improvements: NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX

Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
sort $coderef @foo allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved qw// operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
-T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
require and do may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects -c switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

Modules: attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
Pragmata

Improved Documentation

dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger

perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

Performance enhancements

Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

Platform specific changes

-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
-A flag
Enhanced Installation Directories
gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working

Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32

Significant bug fixes

<HANDLE> on empty files
eval '...' improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
(\$) prototype and $foo{a}
goto &sub and AUTOLOAD
-bareword allowed under use integer
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under -U
END blocks and the -c switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles

"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number

New tests

Perl Source Incompatibilities: CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities: PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC
Compatible C Source API Changes: PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION
Binary Incompatibilities

Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
Known test failures
EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features: Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics

Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated

perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0

Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
Lexically scoped warning categories
Unicode and UTF-8 support
Support for interpolating named characters
"our" declarations
Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
Improved Perl version numbering system
New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
File and directory handles can be autovivified
open() with more than two arguments
64-bit support
Large file support
Long doubles
"more bits"
Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
sort $coderef @foo allowed
File globbing implemented internally
Support for CHECK blocks
POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
Better pseudo-random number generator
Improved qw// operator
Better worst-case behavior of hashes
pack() format 'Z' supported
pack() format modifier '!' supported
pack() and unpack() support counted strings
Comments in pack() templates
Weak references
Binary numbers supported
Lvalue subroutines
Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
exists() is supported on subroutine names
exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
Pseudo-hashes work better
Automatic flushing of output buffers
Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
eof() has the same old magic as <>
binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
-T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
Improved diagnostics
Diagnostics follow STDERR
More consistent close-on-exec behavior
syswrite() ease-of-use
Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
Bit operators support full native integer width
Improved security features
More functional bareword prototype (*)
require and do may be overridden
$^X variables may now have names longer than one character
New variable $^C reflects -c switch
New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
Optional Y2K warnings
Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

Modules: attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
Pragmata

Improved Documentation

dprofpp
find2perl
h2xs
perlcc
perldoc
The Perl Debugger

Performance enhancements

Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
Optimized assignments to lexical variables
Faster subroutine calls
delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

Platform specific changes

-Dusethreads means something different
New Configure flags
Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
Long Doubles
-Dusemorebits
-Duselargefiles
installusrbinperl
SOCKS support
-A flag
Enhanced Installation Directories

Supported platforms
DOS
OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
VMS
Win32

Significant bug fixes

<HANDLE> on empty files
eval '...' improvements
All compilation errors are true errors
Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
Behavior of list slices is more consistent
(\$) prototype and $foo{a}
goto &sub and AUTOLOAD
-bareword allowed under use integer
Failures in DESTROY()
Locale bugs fixed
Memory leaks
Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
Taint failures under -U
END blocks and the -c switch
Potential to leak DATA filehandles

New tests

Perl Source Incompatibilities: CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
C Source Incompatibilities: PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC
Compatible C Source API Changes: PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION
Binary Incompatibilities

Thread test failures
EBCDIC platforms not supported
In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
Arrow operator and arrays
Experimental features: Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

Obsolete Diagnostics

perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005

About the new versioning system

WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
Default installation structure has changed
Perl Source Compatibility
C Source Compatibility
Binary Compatibility
Security fixes may affect compatibility
Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
Licensing

Core Changes

Threads
Compiler
Regular Expressions: Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes
Improved malloc()
Quicksort is internally implemented
Reliable signals
Reliable stack pointers
More generous treatment of carriage returns
Memory leaks
Better support for multiple interpreters
Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
%! is transparently tied to the Errno module
Pseudo-hashes are supported
EXPR foreach EXPR is supported
Keywords can be globally overridden
$^E is meaningful on Win32
foreach (1..1000000) optimized
Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name
exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package
Better locale support
Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
prototype() returns useful results on builtins
Extended support for exception handling
Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
All printf format conversions are handled internally
New INIT keyword
New lock keyword
New qr// operator
our is now a reserved word
Tied arrays are now fully supported
Tied handles support is better
4th argument to substr
Negative LENGTH argument to splice
Magic lvalues are now more magical
<> now reads in records

Supported Platforms

New Platforms
Changes in existing support

New Modules: B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re
Changes in existing modules: Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd

Documentation Changes

New Diagnostics

Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

Obsolete Diagnostics

Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big

Configuration Changes

perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004

Supported Environments

Core Changes

List assignment to %ENV works
Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
$PERL5OPT environment variable
Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options
More precise warnings
Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods
Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
Group vector changeable with $)
Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
No resetting of $. on implicit close
wantarray may return undef
eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context
Changes to tainting checks: No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
New Opcode module and revised Safe module
Embedding improvements
Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
New and changed syntax: $coderef->(PARAMS)
New and changed builtin constants: __PACKAGE__
New and changed builtin variables: $^E, $^H, $^M
New and changed builtin functions: delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
New builtin methods: isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
TIEHANDLE now supported: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
Malloc enhancements: -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements

Support for More Operating Systems

Win32
Plan 9
QNX
AmigaOS

Pragmata

use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

Modules

Required Updates
Installation directories
Module information summary
Fcntl
IO
Math::Complex
Math::Trig
DB_File
Net::Ping
Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators

C Language API Changes

pod2html: Sends converted HTML to standard output
xsubpp: void XSUBs now default to returning nothing

gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for manipulating hashes

Documentation Changes

perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec

New Diagnostics

"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-T" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s

perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems

Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
OS level
Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
The IBM ANSI C Compiler
Using GNU's gcc for building perl
Using Large Files with Perl
Threaded Perl
64-bit Perl
AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics

perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS

DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS

NOTE
SYNOPSIS

Accessing documentation

Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS: Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS
Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS

INSTALLATION

Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS

BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS

Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
Making Perl on AmigaOS
Testing Perl on AmigaOS
Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS

PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS

perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS

General Issues with Perl on BeOS
BeOS Release-specific Notes: R4 x86, R4 PPC
Contact Information
Update 2002-05-30

perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.

gzip on BS2000
bison on BS2000
Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
Compiling Perl on BS2000
Testing Perl on BS2000
Installing Perl on BS2000
Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
Using Perl in "native" BS2000
Floating point anomalies on BS2000

Mailing list

Tools & SDK
Make

Author

perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin

PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN

Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
Cygwin Configuration: PATH, nroff, Permissions

CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN

Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin: -lcrypt, -lgdbm (use GDBM_File), -ldb (use DB_File), -lcygipc (use IPC::SysV), -lutil
Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin: -Uusedl, -Uusemymalloc, -Uuseperlio, -Dusemultiplicity, -Duse64bitint, -Duselongdouble, -Dusethreads, -Duselargefiles, -Dmksymlinks
Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin: dlsym(), Win9x and d_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

MAKE ON CYGWIN

Warnings on Cygwin
ld2 on Cygwin

TEST ON CYGWIN

File Permissions on Cygwin
NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
Script Portability on Cygwin: Pathnames, Text/Binary, .exe, chown(), Miscellaneous

INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN

MANIFEST ON CYGWIN

Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

BUGS ON CYGWIN

perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.

SYNOPSIS

BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX

Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
Threaded Perl on DG/UX
Testing Perl on DG/UX
Installing the built perl on DG/UX

perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.

BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS

Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS: DJGPP, Pthreads
Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
Building Perl on DOS
Testing Perl on DOS
Installation of Perl on DOS

Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
Building XS Modules on DOS

perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC

INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC

INTRODUCTION

STARTING PERL ON EPOC

Editors on Epoc
Features of Perl on Epoc
Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment

SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC

LAST UPDATE

perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems

FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
$^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"

perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems

nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
PA-RISC
PA-RISC 1.0
PA-RISC 1.1
PA-RISC 2.0
Itanium
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
The HP ANSI C Compiler
The GNU C Compiler
Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
Threaded Perl on HP-UX
64-bit Perl on HP-UX
Oracle on HP-UX
GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
perl -P and // and HP-UX
HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl

perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd

Known Problems with Perl on Hurd

perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems

Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
About Compiler Versions of Irix
Linker Problems in Irix
Malloc in Irix
Building with threads in Irix

perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems

Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
Failures during make test on MachTen: op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
Building external modules on MachTen

perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
DATE

perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT

DESCRIPTION
Known problems with Perl on MiNT
AUTHOR

perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

Binary distribution from HP

What's New in Perl for MPE/iX

Welcome to Perl/iX

System Requirements for Perl/iX

How to Obtain Perl/iX

Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights

README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe

How to Compile Perl/iX

 4,  6

Getting Started with Perl/iX

MPE/iX Implementation Considerations

Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation

Perl/iX To-Do List

Perl/iX Change History

Tools & SDK
Setup: SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
Make
Interpreter
Extensions

Install

Build new extensions

Authors

Date

perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.

SYNOPSIS

Frequently asked questions

Target
Other OSes
Prerequisites: EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl

"It does not work"
I cannot run external programs
I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program.: Is your program EMX-compiled with -Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed?
`` and pipe-open do not work under DOS.
Cannot start find.exe "pattern" file

INSTALLATION

Automatic binary installation: PERL_BADLANG, PERL_BADFREE, Config.pm
Manual binary installation: Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh
Warning

Accessing documentation

OS/2 .INF file
Plain text
Manpages
HTML
GNU info files
PDF files
LaTeX docs

BUILD

The short story
Prerequisites
Getting perl source
Application of the patches
Hand-editing
Making
Testing: A lot of bad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t
Installing the built perl
a.out-style build

Build FAQ

Some / became \ in pdksh.
'errno' - unresolved external
Problems with tr or sed
Some problem (forget which ;-)
Library ... not found
Segfault in make
op/sprintf test failure

Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port

setpriority, getpriority
system()
extproc on the first line
Additional modules:
Prebuilt methods:: File::Copy::syscopy, DynaLoader::mod2fname, Cwd::current_drive(), Cwd::sys_chdir(name), Cwd::change_drive(name), Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name), Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name), Cwd::sys_is_relative(name), Cwd::sys_cwd(name), Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), Cwd::extLibpath([type]), Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] ), OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception), OS2::Errors2Drive(drive), OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), OS2::MorphPM(serve), OS2::UnMorphPM(serve), OS2::Serve_Messages(force), OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt]), OS2::_control87(new,mask), OS2::get_control87(), OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM), OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])
Prebuilt variables:: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork, $OS2::nsyserror
Misfeatures
Modifications: popen, tmpnam, tmpfile, ctermid, stat, mkdir, rmdir, flock
Identifying DLLs
Centralized management of resources: HAB, HMQ, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, CheckOSError(expr), CheckWinError(expr), SaveWinError(expr), SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2), WinError_2_Perl_rc, FillWinError, FillOSError(rc), Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs

Perl flavors

perl.exe
perl_.exe
perl__.exe
perl___.exe
Why strange names?
Why dynamic linking?
Why chimera build?

PERLLIB_PREFIX
PERL_BADLANG
PERL_BADFREE
PERL_SH_DIR
USE_PERL_FLOCK
TMP or TEMP

Evolution

Text-mode filehandles
Priorities
DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond: Global DLLs, specific DLLs, BEGINLIBPATH and ENDLIBPATH, . from LIBPATH
DLL forwarder generation
Threading
Calls to external programs
Memory allocation
Threads: COND_WAIT, os2.c

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS

Tools
Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
Configure Perl on OS/390
Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390

Mailing list for Perl on OS/390

perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX

Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4: /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
QNX auxiliary files: qnx/ar, qnx/cpp
Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6

perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl

COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9

Invoking Perl
What's in Plan 9 Perl
What's not in Plan 9 Perl
Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
Signals in Plan 9 Perl

Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9

Revision date

perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems

PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.

Solaris Version Numbers.

RESOURCES

Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

SETTING UP

File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris

RUN CONFIGURE.

64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
Threads in Perl on Solaris.
Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.

MAKE PROBLEMS.

Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found

MAKE TEST

op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.

Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.

SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.

Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
BSD::Resource on Solaris
Net::SSLeay on Solaris

LAST MODIFIED

perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems

Testing Perl on Tru64

Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
Threaded Perl on Tru64
Long Doubles on Tru64
64-bit Perl on Tru64
Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64

ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds

Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark

perluts - Perl under UTS

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUILDING PERL ON UTS
Installing the built perl on UTS
AUTHOR

perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.

Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
Configure Perl on VM/ESA
Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA

Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA

perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl

Organization of Perl Images

Installation

Core Images
Perl Extensions
Installing static extensions
Installing dynamic extensions

File specifications

Syntax
Wildcard expansion
Pipes

PERL5LIB and PERLLIB

Command line

I/O redirection and backgrounding
Command line switches: -i, -S, -u

Perl functions

File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

Perl variables

%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|

Standard modules with VMS-specific differences

SDBM_File

Revision date

perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS

INSTALLING PERL IN VOS

Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
Stratus POSIX Support

Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
Installing Perl 5 on VOS

USING PERL IN VOS

Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
Restrictions of Perl on VOS
Handling of underflow and overflow

perlwin32 - Perl under Windows

Setting Up Perl on Win32: Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
Building
Testing Perl on Win32
Installation of Perl on Win32
Usage Hints for Perl on Win32: Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
Running Perl Scripts: Miscellaneous Things

BUGS AND CAVEATS

Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons <nick@ing-simmons.net>

PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: method, locked

re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
FUNCTIONS: share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
WARNINGS: A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
TODO
BUGS: Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO

attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

Built-in Attributes: locked, method, lvalue
Available Subroutines: get, reftype
Package-specific Attribute Handling: FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES
Syntax of Attribute Lists

EXPORTS

Default exports
Available exports
Export tags defined

attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: method, locked

autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl

OPTIONS: a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
MATH LIBRARY
INTERNAL FORMAT
SIGN
METHODS

bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl

OPTIONS: a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
MATH LIBRARY
INTERNAL FORMAT
SIGN
METHODS

bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl

MODULES USED
MATH LIBRARY
SIGN
METHODS

	perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
	perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
	perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
	perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'	
	perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';

LICENSE

blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

charnames - define character names for `\N{named}` string literal escapes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
charnames::viacode(code)
charnames::vianame(name)
ALIASES
ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
BUGS

constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

List constants
Defining multiple constants at once
Magic constants

diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics

The diagnostics Pragma
The splain Program

encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8

USAGE

use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, no encoding;

Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option

NOT SCOPED
DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS

use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;

EXAMPLE - Greekperl

fields - compile-time class fields

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new, phash
SEE ALSO

filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators

subpragma access

if - `use` a Perl module if a condition holds

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

Adding directories to @INC
Deleting directories from @INC
Restoring original @INC

locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
SEE ALSO

ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

overload - Package for overloading perl operations

SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload

Declaration of overloaded functions
Calling Conventions for Binary Operations: FALSE, TRUE, undef
Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
Calling Conventions for Mutators: ++ and --, x= and other assignment versions
Overloadable Operations: Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special
Inheritance and overloading: Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes

Last Resort
Fallback: undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
Copy Constructor: Example

MAGIC AUTOGENERATION

Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

Losing overloading

Run-time Overloading

Public functions

overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

Overloading constants

integer, float, binary, q, qr

IMPLEMENTATION

Metaphor clash

Cookbook

Two-face scalars
Two-face references
Symbolic calculator
Really symbolic calculator

Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference

re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

OPTIONS

SIGNAL HANDLERS: stack-trace, die, handler your-handler
SIGNAL LISTS: normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals
OTHER: untrapped, any, signal, number

sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS

strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: strict refs, strict vars, strict subs

subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK;
WARNINGS: A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
TODO
BUGS: Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
SEE ALSO

threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
FUNCTIONS: share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code

Utility functions: $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)

vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: vmsish status, vmsish exit, vmsish time, vmsish hushed

warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message)

warnings::register - warnings import function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

MODULE DOCUMENTATION

AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

DBM Comparisons: [0], [1], [2], [3]

Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers

VERSION

[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Typed lexicals
Type-specific attribute handlers
Non-interpretive attribute handlers
Phase-specific attribute handlers
Attributes as tie interfaces

Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s),

Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
attributes

Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
future reserved word

, Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine, Can't autotie a %s, Internal error: %s symbol went missing,

Won't
be able to apply END handler

AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

Subroutine Stubs
Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine
Package Lexicals
Not Using AutoLoader
AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

$keep, $check, $modtime

Multiple packages

B - The Perl Compiler

FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY B

OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

SV-RELATED CLASSES
B::SV METHODS: REFCNT, FLAGS
B::IV METHODS: IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
B::NV METHODS: NV, NVX
B::RV METHODS: RV
B::PV METHODS: PV, RV, PVX
B::PVMG METHODS: MAGIC, SvSTASH
B::MAGIC METHODS: MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
B::PVLV METHODS: TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
B::BM METHODS: USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
B::GV METHODS: is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
B::IO METHODS: LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
B::AV METHODS: FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
B::CV METHODS: STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
B::HV METHODS: FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
OP-RELATED CLASSES
B::OP METHODS: next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
B::UNOP METHOD: first
B::BINOP METHOD: last
B::LOGOP METHOD: other
B::LISTOP METHOD: children
B::PMOP METHODS: pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
B::SVOP METHOD: sv, gv
B::PADOP METHOD: padix
B::PVOP METHOD: pv
B::LOOP METHODS: redoop, nextop, lastop
B::COP METHODS: label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line

main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
AUTHOR

B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

Functions: find_leaders

B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv, -fuse-script-name, -fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2, -llimit
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHOR

B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

OPTIONS

-ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr, -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

DIFFERENCES

Loops
Context of ".."
Arithmetic
Deprecated features

FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS

B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

-basic, -exec, -tree, -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii, -main, -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian, -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env

(x(exec_text;basic_text)x), (*(text)*), (*(text1;text2)*), (?(text1#varText2)?), #var, #varN, ~, #addr, #arg, #class, #classsym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr, #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name, #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval, #seq, #seqnum, #sibaddr, #svaddr, #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum

ABBREVIATIONS

OP flags abbreviations
OP class abbreviations

Using B::Concise outside of the O framework

B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

OPTIONS

-l, -p, -P, -q, -fFILE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL

Synopsis
Description
new
ambient_pragmas: strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
coderef2text

B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Lint - Perl lint

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS: context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-variables, all, none
NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS: -u Package
BUGS
AUTHOR

B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
AUTHOR

B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded

B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -oFILENAME, -r, -d, -D[tO]
BUGS
AUTHOR

Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

Functions: find_leaders

Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

Methods: new, debug, iters
Standard Exports: timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
Optional Exports: clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

MODIFICATION HISTORY

ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS: -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops, -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -upackage
EXAMPLES
BUGS
AUTHORS

CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

PROGRAMMING STYLE
CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE: :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html, :standard, :all
PRAGMAS: -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS: 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </ul> tag)

CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER: Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..
ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL: -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query (-query_string), -base
MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
AUTOESCAPING HTML: $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
STARTING AND ENDING A FORM: application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data
CREATING A TEXT FIELD: Parameters
CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD: Parameters
CREATING A POPUP MENU
CREATING A SCROLLING LIST: Parameters:
CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES: Parameters:
CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX: Parameters:
CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP: Parameters:
CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON: Parameters:
CREATING A RESET BUTTON
CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD: Parameters:
CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON: Parameters:
CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

HTTP COOKIES

1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

WORKING WITH FRAMES

1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <form> tag

LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

DEBUGGING

DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(), path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name(), referer(), auth_type (), server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name (), request_method(), content_type(), http(), https()

USING NPH SCRIPTS

In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph parameters

Server Push

multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()

Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks

$CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

AUTHOR INFORMATION

CREDITS

Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log

REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

Changing the default message

MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS

CHANGE LOG

CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

USING CGI::Cookie

1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

Creating New Cookies
Sending the Cookie to the Browser
Recovering Previous Cookies
Manipulating Cookies: name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()

AUTHOR INFORMATION

CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION: FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
CAVEATS
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

Tags that won't be formatted
Customizing the Indenting

CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

USING CGI::Push

-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph

Heterogeneous Pages
Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

AUTHOR INFORMATION

CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR INFORMATION
SEE ALSO

CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

Interactive Mode: Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals
CPAN::Shell
autobundle
recompile
The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
Programmer's interface: expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
Methods in the other Classes: CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
Cache Manager
Bundles
Prerequisites
Finding packages and VERSION
Debugging
Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

CONFIGURATION

o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option> <value>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list option> [shift|pop], o conf <list option> [unshift|push|splice] <list>

Note on urllist parameter's format
urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

SECURITY

EXPORT

WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS

Three basic types of firewalls: http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall

FAQ

1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

Forcing a Stack Trace

Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside

Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS: the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
CAUTIONARY NOTES
COPYRIGHT
AUTHOR

Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

The struct() function
Class Creation at Compile Time
Element Types and Accessor Methods: Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')
Initializing with new

Author and Modification History

Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

Config - access Perl configuration information

myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)

EXAMPLE

GLOSSARY

_: _a, _exe, _o
a: afs, afsroot, alignbytes, ansi2knr, aphostname, api_revision, api_subversion, api_version, api_versionstring, ar, archlib, archlibexp, archname64, archname, archobjs, asctime_r_proto, awk
b: baserev, bash, bin, binexp, bison, byacc, byteorder
c: c, castflags, cat, cc, cccdlflags, ccdlflags, ccflags, ccflags_uselargefiles, ccname, ccsymbols, ccversion, cf_by, cf_email, cf_time, charsize, chgrp, chmod, chown, clocktype, comm, compress, contains, cp, cpio, cpp, cpp_stuff, cppccsymbols, cppflags, cpplast, cppminus, cpprun, cppstdin, cppsymbols, crypt_r_proto, cryptlib, csh, ctermid_r_proto, ctime_r_proto
d: d__fwalk, d_access, d_accessx, d_alarm, d_archlib, d_asctime_r, d_atolf, d_atoll, d_attribut, d_bcmp, d_bcopy, d_bsd, d_bsdgetpgrp, d_bsdsetpgrp, d_bzero, d_casti32, d_castneg, d_charvspr, d_chown, d_chroot, d_chsize, d_class, d_closedir, d_cmsghdr_s, d_const, d_crypt, d_crypt_r, d_csh, d_ctermid_r, d_ctime_r, d_cuserid, d_dbl_dig, d_dbminitproto, d_difftime, d_dirfd, d_dirnamlen, d_dlerror, d_dlopen, d_dlsymun, d_dosuid, d_drand48_r, d_drand48proto, d_dup2, d_eaccess, d_endgrent, d_endgrent_r, d_endhent, d_endhostent_r, d_endnent, d_endnetent_r, d_endpent, d_endprotoent_r, d_endpwent, d_endpwent_r, d_endsent, d_endservent_r, d_eofnblk, d_eunice, d_fchdir, d_fchmod, d_fchown, d_fcntl, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fd_macros, d_fd_set, d_fds_bits, d_fgetpos, d_finite, d_finitel, d_flexfnam, d_flock, d_flockproto, d_fork, d_fp_class, d_fpathconf, d_fpclass, d_fpclassify, d_fpclassl, d_fpos64_t, d_frexpl, d_fs_data_s, d_fseeko, d_fsetpos, d_fstatfs, d_fstatvfs, d_fsync, d_ftello, d_ftime, d_Gconvert, d_getcwd, d_getespwnam, d_getfsstat, d_getgrent, d_getgrent_r, d_getgrgid_r, d_getgrnam_r, d_getgrps, d_gethbyaddr, d_gethbyname, d_gethent, d_gethname, d_gethostbyaddr_r, d_gethostbyname_r, d_gethostent_r, d_gethostprotos, d_getitimer, d_getlogin, d_getlogin_r, d_getmnt, d_getmntent, d_getnbyaddr, d_getnbyname, d_getnent, d_getnetbyaddr_r, d_getnetbyname_r, d_getnetent_r, d_getnetprotos, d_getpagsz, d_getpbyname, d_getpbynumber, d_getpent, d_getpgid, d_getpgrp2, d_getpgrp, d_getppid, d_getprior, d_getprotobyname_r, d_getprotobynumber_r, d_getprotoent_r, d_getprotoprotos, d_getprpwnam, d_getpwent, d_getpwent_r, d_getpwnam_r, d_getpwuid_r, d_getsbyname, d_getsbyport, d_getsent, d_getservbyname_r, d_getservbyport_r, d_getservent_r, d_getservprotos, d_getspnam, d_getspnam_r, d_gettimeod, d_gmtime_r, d_gnulibc, d_grpasswd, d_hasmntopt, d_htonl, d_index, d_inetaton, d_int64_t, d_isascii, d_isfinite, d_isinf, d_isnan, d_isnanl, d_killpg, d_lchown, d_ldbl_dig, d_link, d_localtime_r, d_locconv, d_lockf, d_longdbl, d_longlong, d_lseekproto, d_lstat, d_madvise, d_mblen, d_mbstowcs, d_mbtowc, d_memchr, d_memcmp, d_memcpy, d_memmove, d_memset, d_mkdir, d_mkdtemp, d_mkfifo, d_mkstemp, d_mkstemps, d_mktime, d_mmap, d_modfl, d_modfl_pow32_bug, d_mprotect, d_msg, d_msg_ctrunc, d_msg_dontroute, d_msg_oob, d_msg_peek, d_msg_proxy, d_msgctl, d_msgget, d_msghdr_s, d_msgrcv, d_msgsnd, d_msync, d_munmap, d_mymalloc, d_nice, d_nl_langinfo, d_nv_preserves_uv, d_off64_t, d_old_pthread_create_joinable, d_oldpthreads, d_oldsock, d_open3, d_pathconf, d_pause, d_perl_otherlibdirs, d_phostname, d_pipe, d_poll, d_portable, d_PRId64, d_PRIeldbl, d_PRIEUldbl, d_PRIfldbl, d_PRIFUldbl, d_PRIgldbl, d_PRIGUldbl, d_PRIi64, d_PRIo64, d_PRIu64, d_PRIx64, d_PRIXU64, d_procselfexe, d_pthread_atfork, d_pthread_yield, d_pwage, d_pwchange, d_pwclass, d_pwcomment, d_pwexpire, d_pwgecos, d_pwpasswd, d_pwquota, d_qgcvt, d_quad, d_random_r, d_readdir64_r, d_readdir, d_readdir_r, d_readlink, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_rename, d_rewinddir, d_rmdir, d_safebcpy, d_safemcpy, d_sanemcmp, d_sbrkproto, d_sched_yield, d_scm_rights, d_SCNfldbl, d_seekdir, d_select, d_sem, d_semctl, d_semctl_semid_ds, d_semctl_semun, d_semget, d_semop, d_sendmsg, d_setegid, d_seteuid, d_setgrent, d_setgrent_r, d_setgrps, d_sethent, d_sethostent_r, d_setitimer, d_setlinebuf, d_setlocale, d_setlocale_r, d_setnent, d_setnetent_r, d_setpent, d_setpgid, d_setpgrp2, d_setpgrp, d_setprior, d_setproctitle, d_setprotoent_r, d_setpwent, d_setpwent_r, d_setregid, d_setresgid, d_setresuid, d_setreuid, d_setrgid, d_setruid, d_setsent, d_setservent_r, d_setsid, d_setvbuf, d_sfio, d_shm, d_shmat, d_shmatprototype, d_shmctl, d_shmdt, d_shmget, d_sigaction, d_sigprocmask, d_sigsetjmp, d_sockatmark, d_sockatmarkproto, d_socket, d_socklen_t, d_sockpair, d_socks5_init, d_sqrtl, d_srand48_r, d_srandom_r, d_sresgproto, d_sresuproto, d_statblks, d_statfs_f_flags, d_statfs_s, d_statvfs, d_stdio_cnt_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt, d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt, d_stdio_stream_array, d_stdiobase, d_stdstdio, d_strchr, d_strcoll, d_strctcpy, d_strerrm, d_strerror, d_strerror_r, d_strftime, d_strtod, d_strtol, d_strtold, d_strtoll, d_strtoq, d_strtoul, d_strtoull, d_strtouq, d_strxfrm, d_suidsafe, d_symlink, d_syscall, d_syscallproto, d_sysconf, d_sysernlst, d_syserrlst, d_system, d_tcgetpgrp, d_tcsetpgrp, d_telldir, d_telldirproto, d_time, d_times, d_tm_tm_gmtoff, d_tm_tm_zone, d_tmpnam_r, d_truncate, d_ttyname_r, d_tzname, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_umask, d_uname, d_union_semun, d_unordered, d_usleep, d_usleepproto, d_ustat, d_vendorarch, d_vendorbin, d_vendorlib, d_vfork, d_void_closedir, d_voidsig, d_voidtty, d_volatile, d_vprintf, d_wait4, d_waitpid, d_wcstombs, d_wctomb, d_writev, d_xenix, date, db_hashtype, db_prefixtype, db_version_major, db_version_minor, db_version_patch, defvoidused, direntrytype, dlext, dlsrc, doublesize, drand01, drand48_r_proto, dynamic_ext
e: eagain, ebcdic, echo, egrep, emacs, endgrent_r_proto, endhostent_r_proto, endnetent_r_proto, endprotoent_r_proto, endpwent_r_proto, endservent_r_proto, eunicefix, exe_ext, expr, extensions, extras
f: fflushall, fflushNULL, find, firstmakefile, flex, fpossize, fpostype, freetype, from, full_ar, full_csh, full_sed
g: gccosandvers, gccversion, getgrent_r_proto, getgrgid_r_proto, getgrnam_r_proto, gethostbyaddr_r_proto, gethostbyname_r_proto, gethostent_r_proto, getlogin_r_proto, getnetbyaddr_r_proto, getnetbyname_r_proto, getnetent_r_proto, getprotobyname_r_proto, getprotobynumber_r_proto, getprotoent_r_proto, getpwent_r_proto, getpwnam_r_proto, getpwuid_r_proto, getservbyname_r_proto, getservbyport_r_proto, getservent_r_proto, getspnam_r_proto, gidformat, gidsign, gidsize, gidtype, glibpth, gmake, gmtime_r_proto, gnulibc_version, grep, groupcat, groupstype, gzip
h: h_fcntl, h_sysfile, hint, hostcat
i: i16size, i16type, i32size, i32type, i64size, i64type, i8size, i8type, i_arpainet, i_bsdioctl, i_crypt, i_db, i_dbm, i_dirent, i_dld, i_dlfcn, i_fcntl, i_float, i_fp, i_fp_class, i_gdbm, i_grp, i_ieeefp, i_inttypes, i_langinfo, i_libutil, i_limits, i_locale, i_machcthr, i_malloc, i_math, i_memory, i_mntent, i_ndbm, i_netdb, i_neterrno, i_netinettcp, i_niin, i_poll, i_prot, i_pthread, i_pwd, i_rpcsvcdbm, i_sfio, i_sgtty, i_shadow, i_socks, i_stdarg, i_stddef, i_stdlib, i_string, i_sunmath, i_sysaccess, i_sysdir, i_sysfile, i_sysfilio, i_sysin, i_sysioctl, i_syslog, i_sysmman, i_sysmode, i_sysmount, i_sysndir, i_sysparam, i_sysresrc, i_syssecrt, i_sysselct, i_syssockio, i_sysstat, i_sysstatfs, i_sysstatvfs, i_systime, i_systimek, i_systimes, i_systypes, i_sysuio, i_sysun, i_sysutsname, i_sysvfs, i_syswait, i_termio, i_termios, i_time, i_unistd, i_ustat, i_utime, i_values, i_varargs, i_varhdr, i_vfork, ignore_versioned_solibs, inc_version_list, inc_version_list_init, incpath, inews, installarchlib, installbin, installman1dir, installman3dir, installprefix, installprefixexp, installprivlib, installscript, installsitearch, installsitebin, installsitelib, installstyle, installusrbinperl, installvendorarch, installvendorbin, installvendorlib, intsize, issymlink, ivdformat, ivsize, ivtype
k: known_extensions, ksh
l: ld, lddlflags, ldflags, ldflags_uselargefiles, ldlibpthname, less, lib_ext, libc, libperl, libpth, libs, libsdirs, libsfiles, libsfound, libspath, libswanted, libswanted_uselargefiles, line, lint, lkflags, ln, lns, localtime_r_proto, locincpth, loclibpth, longdblsize, longlongsize, longsize, lp, lpr, ls, lseeksize, lseektype
m: mail, mailx, make, make_set_make, mallocobj, mallocsrc, malloctype, man1dir, man1direxp, man1ext, man3dir, man3direxp, man3ext
M: Mcc, mips_type, mkdir, mmaptype, modetype, more, multiarch, mv, myarchname, mydomain, myhostname, myuname
n: n, need_va_copy, netdb_hlen_type, netdb_host_type, netdb_name_type, netdb_net_type, nm, nm_opt, nm_so_opt, nonxs_ext, nroff, nv_preserves_uv_bits, nveformat, nvEUformat, nvfformat, nvFUformat, nvgformat, nvGUformat, nvsize, nvtype
o: o_nonblock, obj_ext, old_pthread_create_joinable, optimize, orderlib, osname, osvers, otherlibdirs
p: package, pager, passcat, patchlevel, path_sep, perl5, perl, perl_patchlevel
P: PERL_REVISION, PERL_SUBVERSION, PERL_VERSION, perladmin, perllibs, perlpath, pg, phostname, pidtype, plibpth, pm_apiversion, pmake, pr, prefix, prefixexp, privlib, privlibexp, procselfexe, prototype, ptrsize
q: quadkind, quadtype
r: randbits, randfunc, random_r_proto, randseedtype, ranlib, rd_nodata, readdir64_r_proto, readdir_r_proto, revision, rm, rmail, run, runnm
s: sched_yield, scriptdir, scriptdirexp, sed, seedfunc, selectminbits, selecttype, sendmail, setgrent_r_proto, sethostent_r_proto, setlocale_r_proto, setnetent_r_proto, setprotoent_r_proto, setpwent_r_proto, setservent_r_proto, sh, shar, sharpbang, shmattype, shortsize, shrpenv, shsharp, sig_count, sig_name, sig_name_init, sig_num, sig_num_init, sig_size, signal_t, sitearch, sitearchexp, sitebin, sitebinexp, sitelib, sitelib_stem, sitelibexp, siteprefix, siteprefixexp, sizesize, sizetype, sleep, smail, so, sockethdr, socketlib, socksizetype, sort, spackage, spitshell, sPRId64, sPRIeldbl, sPRIEUldbl, sPRIfldbl, sPRIFUldbl, sPRIgldbl, sPRIGUldbl, sPRIi64, sPRIo64, sPRIu64, sPRIx64, sPRIXU64, srand48_r_proto, srandom_r_proto, src, sSCNfldbl, ssizetype, startperl, startsh, static_ext, stdchar, stdio_base, stdio_bufsiz, stdio_cnt, stdio_filbuf, stdio_ptr, stdio_stream_array, strerror_r_proto, strings, submit, subversion, sysman
t: tail, tar, targetarch, tbl, tee, test, timeincl, timetype, tmpnam_r_proto, to, touch, tr, trnl, troff, ttyname_r_proto
u: u16size, u16type, u32size, u32type, u64size, u64type, u8size, u8type, uidformat, uidsign, uidsize, uidtype, uname, uniq, uquadtype, use5005threads, use64bitall, use64bitint, usecrosscompile, usedl, useithreads, uselargefiles, uselongdouble, usemorebits, usemultiplicity, usemymalloc, usenm, useopcode, useperlio, useposix, usereentrant, usesfio, useshrplib, usesocks, usethreads, usevendorprefix, usevfork, usrinc, uuname, uvoformat, uvsize, uvtype, uvuformat, uvxformat, uvXUformat
v: vendorarch, vendorarchexp, vendorbin, vendorbinexp, vendorlib, vendorlib_stem, vendorlibexp, vendorprefix, vendorprefixexp, version, version_patchlevel_string, versiononly, vi, voidflags
x: xlibpth, xs_apiversion
y: yacc, yaccflags
z: zcat, zip

Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

getcwd and friends: getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
abs_path and friends: abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
$ENV{PWD}

DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change)

Client Callback Methods

Global Variables

 $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,	@DB::args, 
@DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname, 
$DB::lineno

API Methods

CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST)

DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
Interface to Berkeley DB
Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
Default Parameters
In Memory Databases

DB_HASH

A Simple Example

DB_BTREE

Changing the BTREE sort order
Handling Duplicate Keys
The get_dup() Method
The find_dup() Method
The del_dup() Method
Matching Partial Keys

DB_RECNO

The 'bval' Option
A Simple Example
Extra RECNO Methods: $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift, $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length, $X->splice(offset, length, elements);
Another Example

THE API INTERFACE

$status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

DBM FILTERS

filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key, filter_fetch_value

The Filter
An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
Another Example -- Key is a C int.

HINTS AND TIPS

Locking: The Trouble with fd
Safe ways to lock a database: Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock
Sharing Databases With C Applications
The untie() Gotcha

COMMON QUESTIONS

Why is there Perl source in my database?
How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?

Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and `eval`

Methods: PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset
Functions: Dumper(LIST)
Configuration Variables or Methods: $Data::Dumper::Indent or $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Purity or $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Pad or $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Varname or $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq or $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse or $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer or $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster or $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy or $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys or $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless or $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth or $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useperl or $OBJ->Useperl([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys or $OBJ->Sortkeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deparse or $OBJ->Deparse([NEWVAL])
Exports: Dumper

Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PROFILE FORMAT
AUTOLOAD
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability

WriteFile

ppport.h

Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

Runtime debugging
Memory footprint debugging

A simple scalar string
A simple scalar number
A simple scalar with an extra reference
A reference to a simple scalar
A reference to an array
A reference to a hash
Dumping a large array or hash
A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
A reference to a subroutine

Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: binary, hex, base64
OO INTERFACE: $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS: md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
METHODS: $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
AUTHORS

DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES

Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

Creation: arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint, dumpDBFiles, dumpPackages, dumpReused, tick, quoteHighBit, printUndef, usageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal
Methods: dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
AUTHOR

DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Encode - character encodings

Table of Contents

Handling Malformed Data

TERMINOLOGY

PERL ENCODING API

$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, CHECK]);

Listing available encodings
Defining Aliases

Encoding via PerlIO

CHECK = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), CHECK = Encode::FB_QUIET, CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask

Unimplemented fallback schemes

Defining Encodings

The UTF-8 flag

Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:

Messing with Perl's Internals: is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)

MAINTAINER

Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings

As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:

Alias overloading

Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN

Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode

Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class

Why the heck Encode API is different?

Methods you should implement: ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check])
Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings: ->name, ->new_sequence, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
Example: Encode::ROT13

Compiled Encodings

Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION: Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])
CAVEATS
TO DO
SEE ALSO

Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP

Encode::KR - Korean Encodings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR

Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO

Overview

How does it work?

Workaround
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?

Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode

Unsupported encodings

Encoding Names

Supported Encodings

Built-in Encodings
Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII: ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte): Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
Miscellaneous encodings: Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

  ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

Microsoft-related naming mess: KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

Glossary

character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16

See Also

References

ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

Other Notable Sites: czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
Offline sources: CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats

Size, Endianness, and BOM

http://www.unicode.org/glossary/ says:, Quick Reference

by size
by endianness: BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order

Surrogate Pairs

Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings

As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.:

Alias overloading

Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN

Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode

Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class

Why the heck Encode API is different?

Methods you should implement: ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check])
Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings: ->name, ->new_sequence, ->perlio_ok(), ->needs_lines()
Example: Encode::ROT13

Compiled Encodings

Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION: Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])
CAVEATS
TO DO
SEE ALSO

Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP

Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR

Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO

Overview

How does it work?

Workaround
How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?

Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode

Unsupported encodings

Encoding Names

Supported Encodings

Built-in Encodings
Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII: ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte): Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
Miscellaneous encodings: Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

  ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

Microsoft-related naming mess: KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

Glossary

character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16

See Also

References

ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

Other Notable Sites: czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n"
Offline sources: CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

  use Encode::Encoder;
  # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); 
  Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
  # shortcut
  use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
  encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
  # you can stack them!
  encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64;  # provided base64() is defined
  # you can use it as a decoder as well
  encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
  # stringified
  print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1;  # prints the string in latin1
  # numified
  encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)

Description

Predefined Methods: $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
Example: base64 transcoder
Operator Overloading

Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8

USAGE

use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, no encoding;

Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option

NOT SCOPED
DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS

use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;

EXAMPLE - Greekperl

Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

  use Encode::Encoder;
  # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); 
  Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
  # shortcut
  use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
  encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
  # you can stack them!
  encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64;  # provided base64() is defined
  # you can use it as a decoder as well
  encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
  # stringified
  print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1;  # prints the string in latin1
  # numified
  encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)

Description

Predefined Methods: $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding])
Example: base64 transcoder
Operator Overloading

English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
PERFORMANCE

Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

Errno - System errno constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

How to Export
Selecting What To Export
How to Import: use ModuleName;, use ModuleName ();, use ModuleName qw(...);

Advanced features

Specialised Import Lists
Exporting without using Exporter's import method
Module Version Checking
Managing Unknown Symbols
Tag Handling Utility Functions
Generating combined tags
AUTOLOADed Constants

Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

cat

eqtime src dst

rm_rf files...

rm_f files...

touch files ..

mv source... destination

cp source... destination

chmod mode files..

mkpath directory..

test_f file

BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: test_harness

ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE: IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
FUNCTIONS

C_stringify NAME

perl_stringify NAME

constant_types

memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT

assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..

return_clause

switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..

params WHAT

dump_names

dogfood

C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item def_post, utf8

XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME

autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER

WriteMakefileSnippet

WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME

AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
@EXPORT
FUNCTIONS: xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS: new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time

EXTRALIBS
LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
BSLOADLIBS

PORTABILITY

VMS implementation
Win32 implementation

ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods

Inherently Cross-Platform Methods

File::Spec wrappers DEPRECATED: canonpath

catdir

catfile

curdir

file_name_is_absolute

path

rootdir

updir

Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods: test_via_harness

test_via_script

AUTHOR

ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

perl_archive

ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive

ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

Overridden methods: replace_manpage_separator

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

maybe_command

guess_name

macify

patternify

init_main

init_others

init_dirscan

libscan (o)

constants (o)

static (o)

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

clean (o)

realclean (o)

rulez (o)

processPL (o)

ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

constants (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS

perl_archive_after

ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

Overridden methods: replace_manpage_separator

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS

SelfLoaded methods: c_o (o)

cflags (o)

clean (o)

const_cccmd (o)

const_config (o)

const_loadlibs (o)

constants (o)

depend (o)

dir_target (o)

dist (o)

dist_basics (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

dist_dir

dist_test

dlsyms (o)

dynamic (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

exescan

extliblist

find_perl

find_tests

Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile: fixin

force (o)

guess_name

has_link_code

init_dirscan

init_main

init_others

init_INST

init_INSTALL

init_lib2arch

init_PERL

init_PERM

install (o)

installbin (o)

libscan (o)

linkext (o)

lsdir

macro (o)

makeaperl (o)

makefile (o)

manifypods (o)

maybe_command

maybe_command_in_dirs

needs_linking (o)

nicetext

parse_abstract

parse_version

pasthru (o)

perl_script

perldepend (o)

perm_rw (o)

perm_rwx (o)

pm_to_blib

post_constants (o)

post_initialize (o)

postamble (o)

ppd

prefixify

processPL (o)

quote_paren

realclean (o)

replace_manpage_separator

static (o)

static_lib (o)

staticmake (o)

subdir_x (o)

subdirs (o)

test (o)

test_via_harness (override)

test_via_script (override)

tool_autosplit (o)

tools_other (o)

tool_xsubpp (o)

top_targets (o)

writedoc

xs_c (o)

xs_cpp (o)

xs_o (o)

perl_archive

perl_archive_after

export_list

SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

Methods always loaded: wraplist

Methods: guess_name (override)

find_perl (override)

maybe_command (override)

maybe_command_in_dirs (override)

perl_script (override)

replace_manpage_separator

init_main (override)

init_others (override)

constants (override)

cflags (override)

const_cccmd (override)

pm_to_blib (override)

tool_autosplit (override)

tool_sxubpp (override)

xsubpp_version (override)

tools_other (override)

dist (override)

c_o (override)

xs_c (override)

xs_o (override)

top_targets (override)

dlsyms (override)

dynamic_lib (override)

dynamic_bs (override)

static_lib (override)

manifypods (override)

processPL (override)

installbin (override)

subdir_x (override)

clean (override)

realclean (override)

dist_core (override)

dist_test (override)

install (override)

perldepend (override)

makefile (override)

find_tests (override)

test (override)

makeaperl (override)

nicetext (override)

prefixify (override)

ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

constants (o)

static_lib (o)

dynamic_bs (o)

dynamic_lib (o)

perl_script

pm_to_blib

tool_autosplit (override)

tools_other (o)

xs_o (o)

top_targets (o)

manifypods (o)

dist_ci (o)

dist_core (o)

pasthru (o)

ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

How To Write A Makefile.PL

Default Makefile Behaviour

make test

make testdb

make install

PREFIX and LIB attribute

AFS users

Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

Which architecture dependent directory?

Using Attributes and Parameters

ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

Additional lowercase attributes

clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit

Overriding MakeMaker Methods

The End Of Cargo Cult Programming

<MAN3PODS = ' '>>

Hintsfile support

Distribution Support

   make distcheck,    make skipcheck,	 make distclean,    make manifest, 
  make distdir,   make disttest,    make tardist,    make dist,    make
uutardist,    make shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci

Disabling an extension

PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT

ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
MANIFEST.SKIP
EXPORT_OK
GLOBAL VARIABLES
DIAGNOSTICS: Not in MANIFEST: file, Skipping file, No such file: file, MANIFEST: $!, Added to MANIFEST: file
ENVIRONMENT: PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
AUTHOR
REVISION

ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USAGE
FUNCTIONS: new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
EXPORTED SYMBOLS

File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
EXAMPLES: basename, dirname

File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
HISTORY

File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
RETURN
AUTHOR

File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

Special behaviour if syscopy is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32): rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

RETURN

File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
EXPORTS (by request only)
BUGS
AUTHOR
HISTORY
SEE ALSO

File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.

find, finddepth

%options: wanted, bydepth, preprocess, postprocess, follow, follow_fast, follow_skip, dangling_symlinks, no_chdir, untaint, untaint_pattern, untaint_skip
The wanted function: $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $_ is the current filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the complete pathname to the file

WARNINGS

CAVEAT

$dont_use_nlink, symlinks

File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: GLOB_ERR, GLOB_LIMIT, GLOB_MARK, GLOB_NOCASE, GLOB_NOCHECK, GLOB_NOSORT, GLOB_BRACE, GLOB_NOMAGIC, GLOB_QUOTE, GLOB_TILDE, GLOB_CSH, GLOB_ALPHASORT
DIAGNOSTICS: GLOB_NOSPACE, GLOB_ABEND
NOTES
AUTHOR

File::Path - create or remove directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHORS

File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: canonpath()

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names

Exports

File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: canonpath

catdir()

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

file_name_is_absolute

path

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

abs2rel

rel2abs

AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: canonpath()

catdir()

catfile

curdir

devnull

rootdir

tmpdir

updir

no_upwards

case_tolerant

file_name_is_absolute

path

join

splitpath

splitdir

catpath()

abs2rel

rel2abs()

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: eliminate_macros

fixpath

Methods always loaded: canonpath (override)

catdir

catfile

curdir (override)

devnull (override)

rootdir (override)

tmpdir (override)

updir (override)

case_tolerant (override)

path (override)

file_name_is_absolute (override)

splitpath (override)

splitdir (override)

catpath (override)

abs2rel (override)

rel2abs (override)

SEE ALSO

File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: devnull

tmpdir

catfile

canonpath

splitpath

splitdir

catpath

Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers

SEE ALSO

File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely

PORTABILITY
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

FUNCTIONS: tempfile

tempdir

MKTEMP FUNCTIONS: mkstemp

mkstemps

mkdtemp

mktemp

POSIX FUNCTIONS: tmpnam

tmpfile

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS: tempnam

UTILITY FUNCTIONS: unlink0

PACKAGE VARIABLES: safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH

TopSystemUID

Temporary files and NFS

File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
NOTE
AUTHOR

FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
CAVEATS
BUGS

FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
SEE ALSO

Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering

The Problem
A Solution
Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
All-in-one interface
Filtering only specific components of source code: "code", "executable", "quotelike", "string", "regex", "all"
Filtering only the code parts of source code: Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the 'code' component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
Using Filter::Simple with an explicit import subroutine
Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
How it works

Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module

use Filter::Util::Call
import()
filter() and anonymous sub: $_, $status, filter_read and filter_read_exact, filter_del

Example 1: A simple filter.
Example 2: Using the context
Example 3: Using the context within the filter
Example 4: Using filter_del

Filter::Simple

FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
KNOWN ISSUES
KNOWN BUGS
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
BUGS
SEE ALSO

Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

Command Line Options, an Introduction

Getting Started with Getopt::Long

Simple options
A little bit less simple options
Mixing command line option with other arguments
Options with values
Options with multiple values
Options with hash values
User-defined subroutines to handle options
Options with multiple names
Case and abbreviations
Summary of Option Specifications: !, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], : + [ desttype ]

Advanced Possibilities

Object oriented interface
Thread Safety
Documentation and help texts
Storing options in a hash
Bundling
The lonesome dash
Argument callback

Configuring Getopt::Long

default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)

Return values and Errors

Legacy

Default destinations
Alternative option starters
Configuration variables

Trouble Shooting

Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied
GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines

Restricted hashes: lock_keys, unlock_keys

lock_value, unlock_value

lock_hash, unlock_hash

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

the function is_language_tag($lang1)

the function extract_language_tags($whatever)

the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)

the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)

the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)

the function super_languages($lang1)

the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)

the function encode_language_tag($lang1)

the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)

the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)

ABOUT LOWERCASING
ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
AUTHOR

I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
LIST OF LANGUAGES: {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
AUTHOR

I18N::Langinfo - query locale information

EXPORT

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

IO - load various IO modules

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
METHODS: open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
METHODS: $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
NOTE
SEE ALSO
BUGS
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [READER, WRITER] )
METHODS: reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell
SEE ALSO
HISTORY

IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HANDLES ] )
METHODS: add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ARGS] )

METHODS: sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost ()

IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ARGS] )
METHODS: hostpath(), peerpath()
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING
SEE ALSO

IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
WARNING

IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: ftok( PATH, ID )
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
KNOWN BUGS
SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
COPYRIGHT

List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
KNOWN BUGS
SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
COPYRIGHT

List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
KNOWN BUGS
COPYRIGHT
BLATANT PLUG

Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO: Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)

SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES

alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric

CONVERSION ROUTINES

code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

QUERY ROUTINES

all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] ), all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )

alias_code
rename_country

KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

DOMAIN NAMES

Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html

LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES

Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: XTS, XXX
CONVERSION ROUTINES: code2currency(), currency2code()
QUERY ROUTINES: all_currency_codes(), all_currency_names()
EXAMPLES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO: Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVERSION ROUTINES: code2language(), language2code()
QUERY ROUTINES: all_language_codes(), all_language_names()
EXAMPLES
KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO: Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization

Construction Methods
The "maketext" Method: $lh->fail_with or $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_handler_auto
Utility Methods: $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
Language Handle Attributes and Internals

ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON

BRACKET NOTATION

AUTO LEXICONS

CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE

HOW TO USE MAKETEXT

COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization

Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes

A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
The Linguistic View
Breaking gettext
Replacing gettext
Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
Buzzword: Isomorphism
Buzzword: Inheritance
Buzzword: Concision
The Devil in the Details
The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
References

Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)

alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric

SPECIAL CODES

CONVERSION ROUTINES

code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

QUERY ROUTINES

all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] ), all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )

KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/

MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
DIAGNOSTICS: Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
EXAMPLES
COPYRIGHT

MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
COPYRIGHT

MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
COPYRIGHT

Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package

Canonical notation
Output
mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
Accuracy vs. Precision
Rounding: ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )

Autocreating constants

  # not ready yet

Math library
Using Math::BigInt::Lite

CAVEAT

stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow

LICENSE

Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()

Canonical notation, Input, Output

is_positive()/is_negative()

	$x->is_positive();		# true if >= 0
	$x->is_negative();		# true if <  0

is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()

ACCURACY and PRECISION

Precision P
Accuracy A
Fallback F
Rounding mode R: 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks

INTERNALS

MATH LIBRARY
SIGN
mantissa(), exponent() and parts()

Autocreating constants

  use Math::BigInt;

PERFORMANCE

Alternative math libraries
SUBCLASSING

Subclassing Math::BigInt

UPGRADING

Auto-upgrade: bsqrt(), div(), blog()

Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0

stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt(), brsft()

LICENSE

Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXPORT
WRAP YOUR OWN
LICENSE: This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHORS
SEE ALSO

Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals

bround()/round()/bfround()

MATH LIBRARY

	$d = $x->denominator();

Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

CHANGED IN PERL 5.6

USAGE

ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

tan

ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

COORDINATE SYSTEMS
3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS: cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS

CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS

Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time

INSTALL
NORMALIZER
SCALAR_CACHE, LIST_CACHE: MEMORY, HASH, TIE, FAULT, MERGE

OTHER FACILITIES

unmemoize
flush_cache

PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT

EXPIRATION SUPPORT

MAILING LIST

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

THANK YOU

Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use

DESCRIPTION

Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values

INTERFACE

 TIEHASH,  EXISTS,  STORE

Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics

DESCRIPTION

Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics

DESCRIPTION

Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use

DESCRIPTION

Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use

DESCRIPTION

Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database

DESCRIPTION

NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch

Enforcing redispatch
Avoiding repetitions

BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
USER METHODS: debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend ()
CLASS METHODS: debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
EXPORTS
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet

SYNOPSYS
DESCRIPTION
METHODS: requires_firewall HOST
NetConfig VALUES: nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts, time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists

Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Net::FTP - FTP Client class

new (HOST [,OPTIONS])

METHODS

login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS]) ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()

Methods for the adventurous: quot (CMD [,ARGS])

THE dataconn CLASS

read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytes_read (), abort (), close ()

UNIMPLEMENTED

ALLO, SMNT, HELP, MODE, SYST, STAT, STRU, REIN

http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz

CREDITS

Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class

CONSTRUCTOR

new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])

METHODS

article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()

Extension methods: newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader

UNSUPPORTED

DEFINITIONS

MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, [^]-], *bdc, [0-9a-zA-Z], a??d

Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
CONSTRUCTOR: new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
METHODS: user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

Functions: Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
CONSTRUCTOR: new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
METHODS: banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
ADDRESSES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT

Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions

Author and Copyright Information

Where to get this document
How to contribute to this document

Disclaimer

Obtaining and installing libnet

What is libnet ?
Which version of perl do I need ?
What other modules do I need ?
What machines support libnet ?
Where can I get the latest libnet release

Using Net::FTP

How do I download files from an FTP server ?
How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ?
How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside ?
My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ?
I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it documented ?
Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods

Using Net::SMTP

Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ?
Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
The verify method always returns true ?

Debugging scripts

How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?

Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
NOTE
AUTHOR

Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
THE .netrc FILE: machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name
CONSTRUCTOR: lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
METHODS: login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CONVENTIONS
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS
AUTHOR

ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
WARNING
Operator Names and Operator Lists: an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)
Opcode Functions: opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)
Manipulating Opsets
TO DO (maybe)

Predefined Opcode Tags: :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

a new namespace, an operator mask

RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR

Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write

CLASSES

POSIX::SigAction: new
POSIX::SigSet: new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
POSIX::Termios: new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values

PATHNAME CONSTANTS

Constants

POSIX CONSTANTS

Constants

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants, Macros

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants

Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG

PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space

unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop

Alternatives to raw
Defaults and how to override them

PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO

PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl

EXPECTED METHODS

$class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)

Example - a Hexadecimal Handle

PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors

OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

podchecker(): -warnings => val

Errors: empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back
Warnings: multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped <> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
Hyperlinks: ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /

RETURN VALUE

INTERFACE

Pod::Checker->new( %options )

$checker->poderror( @args ), $checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )

$checker->num_errors()

$checker->name()

$checker->node()

$checker->idx()

$checker->hyperlink()

AUTHOR

Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

pod_find( { %opts } , @directories ): -verbose => 1, -perl => 1, -script => 1, -inc => 1

simplify_name( $str )

pod_where( { %opts }, $pod ): -inc => 1, -dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ], -verbose => 1

contains_pod( $file , $verbose )

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
ARGUMENTS: backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose
EXAMPLE
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT

Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION: package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree

Pod::InputSource

new()

name()

handle()

was_cutting()

Pod::Paragraph

Pod::Paragraph->new()

$pod_para->cmd_name()

$pod_para->text()

$pod_para->raw_text()

$pod_para->cmd_prefix()

$pod_para->cmd_separator()

$pod_para->parse_tree()

$pod_para->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence

Pod::InteriorSequence->new()

$pod_seq->cmd_name()

$pod_seq->prepend()

$pod_seq->append()

$pod_seq->nested()

$pod_seq->raw_text()

$pod_seq->left_delimiter()

$pod_seq->right_delimiter()

$pod_seq->parse_tree()

$pod_seq->file_line()

Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()

Pod::ParseTree

Pod::ParseTree->new()

$ptree->top()

$ptree->children()

$ptree->prepend()

$ptree->append()

$ptree->raw_text()

Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

OBJECT METHODS: initialize

Data Accessors: AddPreamble

AddPostamble

Head1Level

Label

LevelNoNum

MakeIndex

ReplaceNAMEwithSection

StartWithNewPage

TableOfContents

UniqueLabels

UserPreamble

UserPostamble

Lists

Subclassed methods

begin_pod

end_pod

command

verbatim

textblock

interior_sequence

List Methods: begin_list

end_list

add_item

Methods for headings: head

Internal methods: _output

_replace_special_chars

_replace_special_chars_late

_create_label

_create_index

_clean_latex_commands

_split_delimited

NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT
REVISION

Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section
DIAGNOSTICS: roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
BUGS
CAVEATS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::ParseLink - Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Pod::List: Pod::List->new()

$list->file()

$list->start()

$list->indent()

$list->type()

$list->rx()

$list->item()

$list->parent()

$list->tag()

Pod::Hyperlink: Pod::Hyperlink->new()

$link->parse($string)

$link->markup($string)

$link->text()

$link->warning()

$link->file(), $link->line()

$link->page()

$link->node()

$link->alttext()

$link->type()

$link->link()

Pod::Cache: Pod::Cache->new()

$cache->item()

$cache->find_page($name)

Pod::Cache::Item: Pod::Cache::Item->new()

$cacheitem->page()

$cacheitem->description()

$cacheitem->path()

$cacheitem->file()

$cacheitem->nodes()

$cacheitem->find_node($name)

$cacheitem->idx()

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
QUICK OVERVIEW
PARSING OPTIONS: -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)

RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

command(): $cmd, $text, $line_num, $pod_para

verbatim(): $text, $line_num, $pod_para

textblock(): $text, $line_num, $pod_para

interior_sequence()

OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

new()

initialize()

begin_pod()

begin_input()

end_input()

end_pod()

preprocess_line()

preprocess_paragraph()

METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

parse_text(): -expand_seq => code-ref|method-name, -expand_text => code-ref|method-name, -expand_ptree => code-ref|method-name

interpolate()

parse_paragraph()

parse_from_filehandle()

parse_from_file()

ACCESSOR METHODS

errorsub()

cutting()

parseopts()

output_file()

output_handle()

input_file()

input_handle()

input_streams()

top_stream()

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_push_input_stream()

_pop_input_stream()

TREE-BASED PARSING
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.

EXPORT

Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input

SYNOPSIS
REQUIRES
EXPORTS
DESCRIPTION
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

OBJECT METHODS

curr_headings()

select()

add_selection()

clear_selections()

match_section()

is_selected()

EXPORTED FUNCTIONS

podselect(): -output, -sections, -ranges

PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

_compile_section_spec()

$self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

$self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
DIAGNOSTICS: Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation

ARGUMENTS

-message, -msg, -exitval, -verbose, -output, -input, -pathlist

Recommended Use

This is a "level 1" heading

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in translators.

HEADINGS

``Level'' "2 heading

This is a "level 1" heading

``Level'' 2 heading

LINKS

OVER AND ITEMS

This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", bar, baz, Some longer item text

FORMATTING CODES

&, ', <, >, ", /

VERBATIM

CONCLUSION

Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test

DESCRIPTION

Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering

METHODS => OTHER STUFF

new(): foo, bar, baz, Black Cat, Sat on the, Mat<!>, 1 Cat, 2 Sat, 3 Mat
old()

TESTING FOR AND BEGIN

TESTING URLs hyperlinking

SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

BUGS AND WARNINGS

Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

a new namespace, an operator mask

RECENT CHANGES
Methods in class Safe: permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Some Safety Issues: Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
AUTHOR

Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
KNOWN BUGS
COPYRIGHT
BLATANT PLUG

Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

SelfLoader - load functions only on demand

Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

The __DATA__ token
SelfLoader autoloading
Autoloading and package lexicals
SelfLoader and AutoLoader
__DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
Classes and inherited methods.

Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl

OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX

CANONICAL REPRESENTATION

Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN

Storable - persistence for Perl data structures

FORWARD COMPATIBILITY

utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable

ERROR REPORTING

WIZARDS ONLY

Hooks: STORABLE_freeze obj, cloning, STORABLE_thaw obj, cloning, serialized, ..
Predicates: Storable::last_op_in_netorder, Storable::is_storing, Storable::is_retrieving
Recursion
Deep Cloning

64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

CREDITS

Switch - A switch statement for Perl

Allowing fall-through
Automating fall-through
Alternative syntax
Higher-order Operations

Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added in 5.004_02), closelog
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
DIAGNOSTICS: Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
ENVIRONMENT: ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
RESTRICTIONS
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface

METHODS

Tgetent, OSPEED, TERM

Tpad, $string, $cnt, $FH

Tputs, $cap, $cnt, $FH

Tgoto, $cap, $col, $row, $FH

Trequire

EXAMPLES
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Term::Complete - Perl word completion module

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
AUTHOR

Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various `readline` packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Minimal set of supported functions: ReadLine, new, readline, addhistory, IN, $OUT, MinLine, findConsole, Attribs, Features
Additional supported functions: tkRunning, ornaments, newTTY
EXPORTS
ENVIRONMENT
CAVEATS

Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

Functions: plan

_to_value

TEST TYPES: NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
ONFAIL
BUGS and CAVEATS
NOTE
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR

Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries

Construction: new

Setting up tests: exported_to

plan

expected_tests

no_plan

skip_all

Running tests: ok

is_eq, is_num

isnt_eq, isnt_num

like, unlike

maybe_regex

cmp_ok

BAILOUT

skip

todo_skip

skip_rest

Test style: level

use_numbers

no_header, no_ending

Output: diag

_print

output, failure_output, todo_output

Test Status and Info: current_test

summary

details UNIMPLEMENTED, todo

caller

_sanity_check

_whoa

_my_exit

THREADS
EXAMPLES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics

The test script output: '1..M', 'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?, test numbers, test names, Skipping tests, Todo tests, Bail out!, Comments, Anything else
Taint mode
Configuration variables.: $Test::Harness::verbose, $Test::Harness::switches
Failure: Failed Test, Stat, Wstat, Total, Fail, Failed, List of Failed
Functions: runtests

_all_ok

_globdir

_run_all_tests

_mk_leader

_leader_width

EXPORT
DIAGNOSTICS: All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s, FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay., Test returned status %d (wstat %d), Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s, Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s, FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s
ENVIRONMENT: HARNESS_ACTIVE, HARNESS_COLUMNS, HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST, HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR, HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE, HARNESS_NOTTY, HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES, HARNESS_VERBOSE
EXAMPLE
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
TODO
BUGS

Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert

Functions: assert

AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results

Construction: new

_init

Analysis: analyze

analyze_fh

analyze_file

_switches

_INC2PERL5LIB

_filtered_INC

_restore_PERL5LIB

Parsing: _is_comment

_is_header

_is_test

_is_bail_out

_reset_file_state

Results: _detailize

EXAMPLES
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts

I love it when a plan comes together

Test names
I'm ok, you're not ok.: ok

is, isnt

like

unlike

cmp_ok

can_ok

isa_ok

pass, fail

Diagnostics: diag

Module tests: use_ok

require_ok

Conditional tests: SKIP: BLOCK

TODO: BLOCK, todo_skip

When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?

Comparison functions: is_deeply

eq_array

eq_hash

eq_set

Extending and Embedding Test::More: builder

NOTES
BUGS and CAVEATS: Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades
HISTORY
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: ok

EXAMPLE
CAVEATS
NOTES
HISTORY
SEE ALSO: Test::More, Test, Test::Unit, Test::Inline, SelfTest, Test::Harness
AUTHORS
COPYRIGHT

Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests

Nuts and bolts of testing.
Where to start?
Names
Test the manual
Sometimes the tests are wrong
Testing lots of values
Informative names
Skipping tests
Todo tests
Testing with taint mode.

FOOTNOTES

Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE

Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.

General behaviour in list contexts: [0], [1], [2]
General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
A note about prefixes
extract_delimited
extract_bracketed
extract_tagged: reject => $listref, ignore => $listref, fail => $str, [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
gen_extract_tagged
extract_quotelike: [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
extract_quotelike and "here documents": [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
extract_codeblock
extract_multiple
gen_delimited_pat

 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">,  C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>, 
C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">,  C<No quotelike
operator found after prefix: "%s">,  C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">, 
C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>,  C<Mismatched closing
bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">,  C<No block delimiter found after
quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>,  C<Missing second block for quotelike
"%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
/%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
tag>

BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
AUTHORS

Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLES
LIMITATIONS
AUTHOR

Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS
AUTHOR

Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OVERRIDES
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR

Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)

CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS: $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
METHODS: join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
LIMITATIONS
SEE ALSO

Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
SEE ALSO

Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS AND METHODS: new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code)

CAVEAT
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
BUGS

Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
CAVEATS
AUTHOR

Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array

Tying to an already-opened filehandle

recsep
autochomp
mode
memory
dw_size
Option Format

Public Methods

flock
autochomp
defer, flush, discard, and autodefer

Deferred Writing

Autodeferring

WHAT ABOUT DB_File?

SUBCLASSING

Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION
COMPATIBILITY

Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for tied hashes

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
Inheriting from Tie::StdHash
Inheriting from Tie::ExtraHash
UNTIE and DESTROY
MORE INFORMATION

Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Inheriting from Tie::Memoize
EXAMPLE
BUGS
AUTHOR

Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
AUTHOR
VERSION
SEE ALSO

Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
MORE INFORMATION

Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
CAVEATS

Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, getitimer ( $which )
EXAMPLES
C API
CAVEATS
AUTHORS
REVISION
COPYRIGHT

Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
IMPLEMENTATION
BUGS

Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR

UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION: $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )

Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm

Constructor and Tailoring: alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
Methods for Collation: @sorted = $Collator->sort(@not_sorted), $result = $Collator->cmp($a, $b), $result = $Collator->eq($a, $b), $result = $Collator->ne($a, $b), $result = $Collator->lt($a, $b), $result = $Collator->le($a, $b), $result = $Collator->gt($a, $b), $result = $Collator->ge($a, $b), $sortKey = $Collator->getSortKey($string), $sortKeyForm = $Collator->viewSortKey($string), $position = $Collator->index($string, $substring), ($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring)
Other Methods: UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
EXPORT
TODO
CAVEAT
BUGS

http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, Unicode::Normalize

Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms

Normalization Forms: $NFD_string = NFD($string), $NFC_string = NFC($string), $NFKD_string = NFKD($string), $NFKC_string = NFKC($string), $normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)
Decomposition and Composition: $decomposed_string = decompose($string), $decomposed_string = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping), $reordered_string = reorder($string), $composed_string = compose($string)
Quick Check: $result = checkNFD($string), $result = checkNFC($string), $result = checkNFKD($string), $result = checkNFKC($string), $result = check($form_name, $string)
Character Data: $canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint), $compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint), $codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next), $combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint), $is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint), $is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint), $is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint), $may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)
EXPORT

http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt

Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION

charinfo

charblock

charscript

charblocks

charscripts

Blocks versus Scripts
Matching Scripts and Blocks
Code Point Arguments
charinrange

compexcl

casefold

casespec

Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion

Implementation Note

BUGS
AUTHOR

User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
NOTE
AUTHOR

User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

System Specifics

March 18th, 2000

Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions