Archive::Zip - Provide an interface to ZIP archive files.
use Archive::Zip qw( :ERROR_CODES :CONSTANTS ); my $zip = Archive::Zip->new(); my $member = $zip->addDirectory( 'dirname/' ); $member = $zip->addString( 'This is a test', 'stringMember.txt' ); $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_DEFLATED ); $member = $zip->addFile( 'xyz.pl', 'AnotherName.pl' ); die 'write error' unless $zip->writeToFileNamed( 'someZip.zip' ) == AZ_OK; $zip = Archive::Zip->new(); die 'read error' unless $zip->read( 'someZip.zip' ) == AZ_OK; $member = $zip->memberNamed( 'stringMember.txt' ); $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED ); die 'write error' unless $zip->writeToFileNamed( 'someOtherZip.zip' ) == AZ_OK;
The Archive::Zip module allows a Perl program to create, manipulate, read, and write Zip archive files. Zip archives can be created, or you can read from existing zip files. Once created, they can be written to files, streams, or strings. Members can be added, removed, extracted, replaced, rearranged, and enumerated. They can also be renamed or have their dates, comments, or other attributes queried or modified. Their data can be compressed or uncompressed as needed. Members can be created from members in existing Zip files, or from existing directories, files, or strings. This module uses the Compress::Zlib library to read and write the compressed streams inside the files.
Regardless of what your local file system uses for file naming, names in a
Zip file are in Unix format (forward slashes (/) separating directory
names, etc.).
Archive::Zip tries to be consistent with file naming
conventions, and will
translate back and forth between native and Zip file names.
However, it can't guess which format names are in. So two rules control what
kind of file name you must pass various routines:
File::Spec and File::Basename are used for various file
operations. When you're referring to a file on your system, use its
file naming conventions.
extract() methods
that can take one or two names will convert from local to zip names
if you call them with a single name.
Archive::Zip::Archive objects are what you ordinarily deal with. These maintain the structure of a zip file, without necessarily holding data. When a zip is read from a disk file, the (possibly compressed) data still lives in the file, not in memory. Archive members hold information about the individual members, but not (usually) the actual member data. When the zip is written to a (different) file, the member data is compressed or copied as needed. It is possible to make archive members whose data is held in a string in memory, but this is not done when a zip file is read. Directory members don't have any data.
Exporter
Archive::Zip Common base class, has defs.
Archive::Zip::Archive A Zip archive.
Archive::Zip::Member Abstract superclass for all members.
Archive::Zip::StringMember Member made from a string
Archive::Zip::FileMember Member made from an external file
Archive::Zip::ZipFileMember Member that lives in a zip file
Archive::Zip::NewFileMember Member whose data is in a file
Archive::Zip::DirectoryMember Member that is a directory
Many of the methods in Archive::Zip return error codes. These are implemented
as inline subroutines, using the use constant pragma. They can be imported
into your namespace using the :ERROR_CODES tag:
use Archive::Zip qw( :ERROR_CODES ); ... die "whoops!" unless $zip->read( 'myfile.zip' ) == AZ_OK;
Archive::Zip allows each member of a ZIP file to be compressed (using the Deflate algorithm) or uncompressed. Other compression algorithms that some versions of ZIP have been able to produce are not supported. Each member has two compression methods: the one it's stored as (this is always COMPRESSION_STORED for string and external file members), and the one you desire for the member in the zip file. These can be different, of course, so you can make a zip member that is not compressed out of one that is, and vice versa. You can inquire about the current compression and set the desired compression method:
my $member = $zip->memberNamed( 'xyz.txt' ); $member->compressionMethod(); # return current compression # set to read uncompressed $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED ); # set to read compressed $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_DEFLATED );
There are two different compression methods:
If a member's desiredCompressionMethod is COMPRESSION_DEFLATED, you can choose different compression levels. This choice may affect the speed of compression and decompression, as well as the size of the compressed member data.
$member->desiredCompressionLevel( 9 );
The levels given can be:
This is the same as saying
$member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );
The Archive::Zip class (and its invisible subclass Archive::Zip::Archive) implement generic zip file functionality. Creating a new Archive::Zip object actually makes an Archive::Zip::Archive object, but you don't have to worry about this unless you're subclassing.
Make a new, empty zip archive.
my $zip = Archive::Zip->new();
If an additional argument is passed, new() will call read() to read the contents of an archive:
my $zip = Archive::Zip->new( 'xyz.zip' );
If a filename argument is passed and the read fails for any reason, new will return undef. For this reason, it may be better to call read separately.
These Archive::Zip methods may be called as functions or as object methods. Do not call them as class methods:
$zip = Archive::Zip->new();
$crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' ); # OK
$crc = $zip->computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' ); # also OK
$crc = Archive::Zip->computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' ); # NOT OK
This is a utility function that uses the Compress::Zlib CRC routine to compute a CRC-32. You can get the CRC of a string:
$crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( $string );
Or you can compute the running CRC:
$crc = 0;
$crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'abcdef', $crc );
$crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'ghijkl', $crc );
Report or change chunk size used for reading and writing. This can make big differences in dealing with large files. Currently, this defaults to 32K. This also changes the chunk size used for Compress::Zlib. You must call setChunkSize() before reading or writing. This is not exportable, so you must call it like:
Archive::Zip::setChunkSize( 4096 );
or as a method on a zip (though this is a global setting). Returns old chunk size.
Returns the current chunk size:
my $chunkSize = Archive::Zip::chunkSize();
Change the subroutine called with error strings. This defaults to \&Carp::carp, but you may want to change it to get the error strings. This is not exportable, so you must call it like:
Archive::Zip::setErrorHandler( \&myErrorHandler );
If myErrorHandler is undef, resets handler to default. Returns old error handler. Note that if you call Carp::carp or a similar routine or if you're chaining to the default error handler from your error handler, you may want to increment the number of caller levels that are skipped (do not just set it to a number):
$Carp::CarpLevel++;
Create a uniquely named temp file. It will be returned open
for read/write. If $tmpdir is given, it is used as the
name of a directory to create the file in. If not given,
creates the file using File::Spec::tmpdir(). Generally, you can
override this choice using the
$ENV{TMPDIR}
environment variable. But see the File::Spec
documentation for your system. Note that on many systems, if you're
running in taint mode, then you must make sure that $ENV{TMPDIR} is
untainted for it to be used.
Will NOT create $tmpdir if it doesn't exist (this is a change
from prior versions!). Returns file handle and name:
my ($fh, $name) = Archive::Zip::tempFile();
my ($fh, $name) = Archive::Zip::tempFile('myTempDir');
my $fh = Archive::Zip::tempFile(); # if you don't need the name
Return a copy of the members array
my @members = $zip->members();
$string must be in Zip (Unix) filename format.
Return array of members whose filenames match given regular expression in list context. Returns number of matching members in scalar context.
my @textFileMembers = $zip->membersMatching( '.*\.txt' );
# or
my $numberOfTextFiles = $zip->membersMatching( '.*\.txt' );
Get or set the zipfile comment. Returns the old comment.
print $zip->zipfileComment();
$zip->zipfileComment( 'New Comment' );
Returns the (unexpected) number of bytes between where the EOCD was found and where it expected to be. This is normally 0, but would be positive if something (a virus, perhaps) had added bytes somewhere before the EOCD. Not used for writing zips, but might be interesting if you read a zip in. Here is an example of how you can diagnose this:
my $zip = Archive::Zip->new('somefile.zip');
if ($zip->eocdOffset())
{
warn "A virus has added ", $zip->eocdOffset, " bytes of garbage\n";
}
The eocdOffset() is used to adjust the starting position of member
headers, if necessary.
Various operations on a zip file modify members. When a member is passed as an argument, you can either use a reference to the member itself, or the name of a member. Of course, using the name requires that names be unique within a zip (this is not enforced).
Remove and return the given member, or match its name and
remove it. Replace with new member. Returns undef if member or
name doesn't exist in this Zip, or if $newMember is undefined.
It is an (undiagnosed) error to provide a $newMember that is a
member of the zip being modified.
my $member1 = $zip->removeMember( 'xyz' );
my $member2 = $zip->replaceMember( 'abc', $member1 );
# now, $member2 (named 'abc') is not in $zip,
# and $member1 (named 'xyz') is, having taken $member2's place.
$extractedName, it should be in the local file
system's format.
All necessary directories will be created. Returns AZ_OK
on success.
AZ_OK
on success.
Append a member (possibly from another zip file) to the zip file. Returns the new member. Generally, you will use addFile(), addDirectory(), addFileOrDirectory(), addString(), or read() to add members.
# Move member named 'abc' to end of zip:
my $member = $zip->removeMember( 'abc' );
$zip->addMember( $member );
$fileName.
Returns the (possibly added or updated) member, if any; undef on
errors.
The comparison is based on lastModTime() and (in the case of a
non-directory) the size of the file.
Append a member whose data comes from an external file,
returning the member or undef. The member will have its file
name set to the name of the external file, and its
desiredCompressionMethod set to COMPRESSION_DEFLATED. The
file attributes and last modification time will be set from
the file.
If the name given does not represent a readable plain file or
symbolic link, undef will be returned. $fileName must be
in the format required for the local file system.
The optional $newName argument sets the internal file name
to something different than the given $fileName. $newName,
if given, must be in Zip name format (i.e. Unix).
The text mode bit will be set if the contents appears to be
text (as returned by the -T perl operator).
NOTE that you shouldn't (generally) use absolute path names in zip member names, as this will cause problems with some zip tools as well as introduce a security hole and make the zip harder to use.
$directoryName must be in local file system format.
The optional second argument sets the name of the archive
member (which defaults to $directoryName). If given, it
must be in Zip (Unix) format.
Returns the new member.
$name must be in local file system format.
The optional second argument sets the name of the archive
member (which defaults to $name). If given, it must be in
Zip (Unix) format.
Append a member created from the given string or string reference. The name is given by the second argument. Returns the new member. The last modification time will be set to now, and the file attributes will be set to permissive defaults.
my $member = $zip->addString( 'This is a test', 'test.txt' );
Returns the uncompressed data for a particular member, or undef.
print "xyz.txt contains " . $zip->contents( 'xyz.txt' );
Also can change the contents of a member:
$zip->contents( 'xyz.txt', 'This is the new contents' );
A Zip archive can be written to a file or file handle, or read from one.
Write a zip archive to named file. Returns AZ_OK on
success.
my $status = $zip->writeToFileNamed( 'xx.zip' );
die "error somewhere" if $status != AZ_OK;
Note that if you use the same name as an existing zip file
that you read in, you will clobber ZipFileMembers. So
instead, write to a different file name, then delete the
original.
If you use the overwrite() or overwriteAs() methods, you can
re-write the original zip in this way.
$fileName should be a valid file name on your system.
Write a zip archive to a file handle. Return AZ_OK on
success. The optional second arg tells whether or not to try
to seek backwards to re-write headers. If not provided, it is
set if the Perl -f test returns true. This could fail on
some operating systems, though.
my $fh = IO::File->new( 'someFile.zip', 'w' );
if ( $zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh ) != AZ_OK)
{
# error handling
}
If you pass a file handle that is not seekable (like if you're writing to a pipe or a socket), pass a false second argument:
my $fh = IO::File->new( '| cat > somefile.zip', 'w' );
$zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh, 0 ); # fh is not seekable
If this method fails during the write of a member, that
member and all following it will return false from
wasWritten(). See writeCentralDirectory() for a way to
deal with this.
If you want, you can write data to the file handle before
passing it to writeToFileHandle(); this could be used (for
instance) for making self-extracting archives. However, this
only works reliably when writing to a real file (as opposed
to STDOUT or some other possible non-file).
See examples/selfex.pl for how to write a self-extracting
archive.
Writes the central directory structure to the given file handle. Returns AZ_OK on success. If given an $offset, will seek to that point before writing. This can be used for recovery in cases where writeToFileHandle or writeToFileNamed returns an IO error because of running out of space on the destination file. You can truncate the zip by seeking backwards and then writing the directory:
my $fh = IO::File->new( 'someFile.zip', 'w' );
my $retval = $zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh );
if ( $retval == AZ_IO_ERROR )
{
my @unwritten = grep { not $_->wasWritten() } $zip->members();
if (@unwritten)
{
$zip->removeMember( $member ) foreach my $member ( @unwritten );
$zip->writeCentralDirectory( $fh,
$unwritten[0]->writeLocalHeaderRelativeOffset());
}
}
Read zipfile headers from a zip file, appending new members.
Returns AZ_OK or error code.
my $zipFile = Archive::Zip->new();
my $status = $zipFile->read( '/some/FileName.zip' );
Read zipfile headers from an already-opened file handle,
appending new members. Does not close the file handle.
Returns AZ_OK or error code. Note that this requires a
seekable file handle; reading from a stream is not yet
supported.
my $fh = IO::File->new( '/some/FileName.zip', 'r' );
my $zip1 = Archive::Zip->new();
my $status = $zip1->readFromFileHandle( $fh );
my $zip2 = Archive::Zip->new();
$status = $zip2->readFromFileHandle( $fh );
These used to be in Archive::Zip::Tree but got moved into Archive::Zip. They enable operation on an entire tree of members or files. A usage example:
use Archive::Zip;
my $zip = Archive::Zip->new();
# add all readable files and directories below . as xyz/*
$zip->addTree( '.', 'xyz' );
# add all readable plain files below /abc as def/*
$zip->addTree( '/abc', 'def', sub { -f && -r } );
# add all .c files below /tmp as stuff/*
$zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.c$' );
# add all .o files below /tmp as stuff/* if they aren't writable
$zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.o$', sub { ! -w } );
# add all .so files below /tmp that are smaller than 200 bytes as stuff/*
$zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.o$', sub { -s < 200 } );
# and write them into a file
$zip->writeToFileNamed('xxx.zip');
# now extract the same files into /tmpx
$zip->extractTree( 'stuff', '/tmpx' );
$root is the root of the tree of files and directories to be
added. It is a valid directory name on your system. $dest is
the name for the root in the zip file (undef or blank means
to use relative pathnames). It is a valid ZIP directory name
(that is, it uses forward slashes (/) for separating
directory components). $pred is an optional subroutine
reference to select files: it is passed the name of the
prospective file or directory using $_, and if it returns
true, the file or directory will be included. The default is
to add all readable files and directories. For instance,
using
my $pred = sub { /\.txt/ };
$zip->addTree( '.', '', $pred );
will add all the .txt files in and below the current directory, using relative names, and making the names identical in the zipfile:
original name zip member name ./xyz xyz ./a/ a/ ./a/b a/b
To translate absolute to relative pathnames, just pass them in: $zip->addTree( '/c/d', 'a' );
original name zip member name /c/d/xyz a/xyz /c/d/a/ a/a/ /c/d/a/b a/a/b
Returns AZ_OK on success. Note that this will not follow symbolic links to directories. Note also that this does not check for the validity of filenames.
Note that you generally don't want to make zip archive member names absolute.
$root is the root of the tree of files and directories to be
added $dest is the name for the root in the zip file (undef
means to use relative pathnames) $pattern is a (non-anchored)
regular expression for filenames to match $pred is an
optional subroutine reference to select files: it is passed
the name of the prospective file or directory in $_, and
if it returns true, the file or directory will be included.
The default is to add all readable files and directories. To
add all files in and below the current dirctory whose names
end in .pl, and make them extract into a subdirectory
named xyz, do this:
$zip->addTreeMatching( '.', 'xyz', '\.pl$' )
To add all writable files in and below the dirctory named
/abc whose names end in .pl, and make them extract into
a subdirectory named xyz, do this:
$zip->addTreeMatching( '/abc', 'xyz', '\.pl$', sub { -w } )
Returns AZ_OK on success. Note that this will not follow symbolic links to directories.
Update a zip file from a directory tree.
updateTree() takes the same arguments as addTree(), but first
checks to see whether the file or directory already exists in the zip
file, and whether it has been changed.
If the fourth argument $mirror is true, then delete all my members
if corresponding files weren't found.
Returns an error code or AZ_OK of all is well.
If you don't give any arguments at all, will extract all the files in the zip with their original names.
If you supply one argument for $root, extractTree will extract
all the members whose names start with $root into the current
directory, stripping off $root first.
$root is in Zip (Unix) format.
For instance,
$zip->extractTree( 'a' );
when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e will extract:
a/x as ./x
a/b/c as ./b/c
If you give two arguments, extractTree extracts all the members
whose names start with $root. It will translate $root into
$dest to construct the destination file name.
$root and $dest are in Zip (Unix) format.
For instance,
$zip->extractTree( 'a', 'd/e' );
when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e will extract:
a/x to d/e/x
a/b/c to d/e/b/c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e
If you give three arguments, extractTree extracts all the members
whose names start with $root. It will translate $root into
$dest to construct the destination file name, and then it will
convert to local file system format, using $volume as the name of
the destination volume.
$root and $dest are in Zip (Unix) format.
$volume is in local file system format.
For instance, under Windows,
$zip->extractTree( 'a', 'd/e', 'f:' );
when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e will extract:
a/x to f:d/e/x
a/b/c to f:d/e/b/c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e
If you want absolute paths (the prior example used paths relative to
the current directory on the destination volume, you can specify these
in $dest:
$zip->extractTree( 'a', '/d/e', 'f:' );
when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e will extract:
a/x to f:\d\e\x
a/b/c to f:\d\e\b\c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e
Several constructors allow you to construct members without adding them to a zip archive. These work the same as the addFile(), addDirectory(), and addString() zip instance methods described above, but they don't add the new members to a zip.
Construct a new member from the given string. Returns undef on error.
my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newFromString( 'This is a test',
'xyz.txt' );
Construct a new member from the given file. Returns undef on error.
my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newFromFile( 'xyz.txt' );
Construct a new member from the given directory.
$directoryName must be a valid name on your file system; it doesn't
have to exist.
If given, $zipname will be the name of the zip member; it must be a
valid Zip (Unix) name. If not given, it will be converted from
$directoryName.
Returns undef on error.
my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newDirectoryNamed( 'CVS/' );
These methods get (and/or set) member attribute values.
FA_* values.
GPBF_* bits live.
COMPRESSION_* values for members
from a zip file. However, this module can only handle members
whose data is in COMPRESSION_STORED or COMPRESSION_DEFLATED
format.
desiredCompressionMethod. This is
the compression method that will be used when the member is
written. Returns prior desiredCompressionMethod. Only
COMPRESSION_DEFLATED or COMPRESSION_STORED are valid
arguments. Changing to COMPRESSION_STORED will change the
member desiredCompressionLevel to 0; changing to
COMPRESSION_DEFLATED will change the member
desiredCompressionLevel to COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT.
Return the member's last modification date/time stamp, converted to unix localtime format.
print "Mod Time: " . scalar( localtime( $member->lastModTime() ) );
Set the member's lastModFileDateTime from the given unix time.
$member->setLastModFileDateTimeFromUnix( time() );
Get or set the member's file attributes using UNIX file attributes. Returns old attributes.
my $oldAttribs = $member->unixFileAttributes( 0666 );
Note that the return value has more than just the file permissions, so you will have to mask off the lowest bits for comparisions.
$fileName argument should be a valid file name on your
file system.
Returns AZ_OK on success.
It is possible to use lower-level routines to access member data streams, rather than the extract* methods and contents(). For instance, here is how to print the uncompressed contents of a member in chunks using these methods:
my ( $member, $status, $bufferRef );
$member = $zip->memberNamed( 'xyz.txt' );
$member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );
$status = $member->rewindData();
die "error $status" unless $status == AZ_OK;
while ( ! $member->readIsDone() )
{
( $bufferRef, $status ) = $member->readChunk();
die "error $status"
if $status != AZ_OK && $status != AZ_STREAM_END;
# do something with $bufferRef:
print $$bufferRef;
}
$member->endRead();
This reads the next chunk of given size from the member's
data stream and compresses or uncompresses it as necessary,
returning a reference to the bytes read and a status. If size
argument is not given, defaults to global set by
Archive::Zip::setChunkSize. Status is AZ_OK on success until
the last chunk, where it returns AZ_STREAM_END. Returns (
\$bytes, $status).
my ( $outRef, $status ) = $self->readChunk();
print $$outRef if $status != AZ_OK && $status != AZ_STREAM_END;
inflateInit() or
deflateInit(), but this isn't likely to be necessary.
Subclass overrides should call this method. Returns AZ_OK
on success.
Return the entire uncompressed member data or undef in scalar
context. When called in array context, returns ( $string,
$status ); status will be AZ_OK on success:
my $string = $member->contents();
# or
my ( $string, $status ) = $member->contents();
die "error $status" unless $status == AZ_OK;
Can also be used to set the contents of a member (this may change the class of the member):
$member->contents( "this is my new contents" );
The Archive::Zip::FileMember class extends Archive::Zip::Member. It is the
base class for both ZipFileMember and NewFileMember classes. This class adds
an externalFileName and an fh member to keep track of the external
file.
The Archive::Zip::ZipFileMember class represents members that have been read from external zip files.
Archive::Zip requires several other modules:
Ned Konz, <nedkonz@cpan.org>
File attributes code by Maurice Aubrey <maurice@lovelyfilth.com>
Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Ned Konz. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
There is a Japanese translation of this document at http://www.memb.jp/~deq/perl/doc-ja/Archive-Zip.html that was done by DEQ <deq@oct.zaq.ne.jp> . Thanks!